Analysis

What does follicle stimulating hormone show? Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - appointment for analysis and interpretation of study results. What does low FSH mean in women?

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is a hormone responsible for fertility, reproduction and more. There are many factors that reduce FSH level, thus reducing fertility. Therefore, when planning pregnancy, it is important to normalize FSH levels. Read this article to learn how to normalize your FSH levels.

Steps

Part 1

Increase FSH Levels with Diet

Eat more products containing natural fatty acids. Natural fatty acids are the main source of hormones, including FSH. Natural fatty acids include omega-6, omega-9 and omega-3.

Omega-3 rich foods are fish fat, linseed oil and fatty fish (salmon, trout, mackerel, sardines, herring and anchovies). Women are advised to eat at least two servings oily fish per week to boost omega-3 levels.
An excellent source of omega-6 is borage oil (available in supplement form), and good sources Omega-9s are avocados, sunflower oil, nuts and seeds.

Eat more green and sea vegetables. Dark green and sea vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals necessary for the functioning of the endocrine system, in particular for the synthesis of FSH.
- TO dark green vegetables include cabbage, spinach, broccoli; sea vegetables are nori, seaweed and wakimi. Spirulina is also very healthy as it is rich in protein and minerals.
- Women who want to normalize their FSH levels should eat at least 5 servings of the above foods per day. This could be a mix of several vegetables in a morning smoothie, green salad for lunch and at least two servings of green or sea vegetables for dinner.
Add ginseng products to your diet. Ginseng improves blood supply and nutrition to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which regulate the level of FSH in the body. The recommended dose of ginseng is 500 mg (one capsule) twice daily.

Take 2000-3000 mg of maca every day. Maca peruviana (Maca meyena) is a vegetable that grows in high mountain areas South America. Maca root nourishes endocrine system, which has a positive effect on the production of hormones (including FSH). Exist nutritional supplements maca with a recommended dosage of 2000-3000 mg per day.
Take chasteberry capsules every day. Vitex is an herb that regulates the pituitary gland, helping to normalize hormone levels in the body. The pituitary gland secretes a large number of hormone regulators of various glands of the body, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the whole organism.
- Vitex dietary supplements are recommended at a dosage of 900-1000 mg per day. The course of treatment is one month to increase FSH levels.
- Remember that Vitex capsules are better absorbed in empty stomach, so take a Vitex capsule before breakfast.
Part 2
Increasing FSH levels with lifestyle changes
1. Massage to increase FSH levels. A simple and convenient way to increase FSH is self-massage to stimulate the production of FSH and other hormones. Massage with gentle movements bottom part abdomen 10-15 minutes every day.
  - In reflexology, it is believed that the thumb is connected to the pituitary gland, so massage thumb hands increases the production of hormones by the pituitary gland.

A thorough examination of the body for hormones is carried out by people preparing to become parents, in the treatment of infertility and many other diseases. Research is important when cosmetic problems: early wrinkles, sagging skin, baldness. It is imperative to understand what follicle-stimulating hormone is before the treatment process. Why is FSH important for health, how to properly test for hormones, in what cases does the amount of sex hormones increase or decrease? What is the follicular phase? You will learn in detail and in an accessible way about the entire “kitchen” of the body in the article.

What is the hormone FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone, also known as follitropin, also known as FSH, is a substance that is responsible for puberty man and his ability to reproduce. In women, this hormone stimulates the development of the follicle responsible for the maturation of the egg and the formation of estrogens, i.e. female sex hormones. In men main function This hormone helps in the creation of sperm.

FSH norm

Determination of FSH amount – important point identifying problems reproductive system. Deciphering the analysis is somewhat difficult, because the concentration of follitropin in the blood constantly fluctuates. Its quantity is even affected emotional condition person and time of day! For women, the day matters menstrual cycle.

Although for children, hormone levels are relative. Follitropin levels increase immediately after birth. Then it drops sharply: at six months for boys, at one or two years for girls. Hormones increase again before puberty begins. In addition, FSH is not released constantly, but in separate “esters” - once every 3-4 hours. During this period, the maximum concentration of follitropin occurs, which is reflected in the results of the analysis.

Reference values for FSH, like other blood tests, differ in different laboratories. The calculation of hormones depends on technologies, methods and reagents. Pay attention to the standards indicated on the forms with the analysis results. Below are the most average hormone levels. So if your data on follicle-stimulating components is higher or lower than given, do not panic! In any case, only the doctor can make conclusions.

	Cycle phase (for women)	Reference values (norm), honey/ml
Adult men
	Follicular (proliferative) 1-14th day
	Ovulatory phase 14-15th day
	Luteal/secretory phase Day 15 – beginning of menstruation
	Premenopause
	Postmenopause
Girls under one year old		from 1.8 to 20.3
Girls 1-5 years old
Girls 6-12 years old (before puberty)
Boys under 3 years old
Boys 3-5 years old
Boys 7-10 years old

Among women

The volume of “seething” of follicle-stimulating hormone inside a woman’s body depends on age, day of the menstrual cycle, and the onset of menopause. During the follicular phase, within the normal range, it is 2.45-9.47 mU/ml, during ovulation – 3.0-21.5. In the interval between ovulation and menstruation, i.e. in the luteal phase of the cycle (in other words, the phase corpus luteum) – 1.0-7.0. Premenopause ( transition period): 25.8-134.8; postmenopause, or menopause: 9.3-100.6.

In men

IN male body Follitropin promotes the development of the seminiferous convoluted tubules, where the living sperm mature. It enhances spermatogenesis and helps “drive” testosterone to the epididymis, which contributes to the “correct” maturation of gametes. Immediately after the birth of a boy, the hormone level rises briefly and drops sharply six months later. Then, before puberty, it grows again. Indicators for adult men: 0.96-13.58 mU/ml.

Ratio of LH and FSH

FSH is produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland along with another hormone - luteinizing hormone (luteotropin, LH, lutropin). Substances work in a complex manner, ensuring the ability to procreate, so it makes no sense to consider data on the amount of one without assessing the indicators of the other. From days 3 to 8 of the cycle, the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone is 1.5-2.0 times less than luteinizing hormone. In the first couple of days, the ratio of LH to FSH is less than 1, which ensures the maturation of the follicle. Other sex hormones, for example, progesterone and prolactin, also work in tandem with LH and FSH.

High FSH levels

Increasing the amount of hormones is for health workers a serious signal to search for health problems. We must remember: the concentration of follitropin increases naturally - this normally occurs during premenopause. Along with a progressive increase in FSH levels, other symptoms are then observed: the follicular apparatus of the ovaries is sharply depleted, and estradiol is reduced. This reduces the likelihood of getting pregnant and carrying a child several times.

Causes

In women, FSH is increased in cases of pituitary tumors, alcoholism, pathological exposure to x-rays, cysts and bad work ovaries. In men, there is a lot of follicle-stimulating hormone when there is inflammation of the testicles, increased levels of androgens, i.e. male sex hormones, pituitary tumors, alcohol abuse, kidney failure and taking certain chemicals.

How to reduce

The level of pathologically high FSH is reduced after the cause of its increase is identified. For example, when x-ray radiation the amount of the hormone returns to normal on its own within 6-12 months. In other cases, the work of doctors is aimed at adequate therapy primary disease, as a result of which the amount of follitropin decreases automatically.

Low FSH

Often, people who are inattentive to their health do not even know about problems with hormonal levels. As a result, it is often detected during laboratory research appointed for other reasons. And vice versa, when a person is concerned about issues that at first glance are not related to medicine, he solves them with the help of doctors. For example, the FSH level is less than normal:

when decreasing sexual desire;
when body hair growth decreases;
in case of accelerated occurrence of wrinkles;
for infertility, impotence;
atrophy of the reproductive organs;
delayed puberty in children.

Causes

A decrease in FLH levels is usually caused by:

significant body weight, i.e. obesity;
tumors of the pituitary gland, ovaries or testes (testicles);
hypogonadism is a consequence of the complex various syndromes which reduce the activity of the gonads;
hypopituitarism – associated with the process of decreased activity of the pituitary gland, which is the main link in the process of FSH production, caused by injury, tumor, surgery on the pituitary gland;
deficiency or increased activity of 5-alpha reductase, an enzyme that in the human body converts testosterone into active form– androgen dihydrotestosterone;
Kallmann syndrome (Kalman syndrome) - very rare hereditary disease(usually manifests itself in men, although it also occurs in women), in which puberty is completely absent and the sense of smell is lost;
in women - neoplasms and ovarian cysts, disruption of the hypothalamus, mental disorders, anorexia, prolonged fasting;
Sheehan's syndrome - death of part of the pituitary cells that occurs after significant blood loss during childbirth or abortion;
in men – pituitary insufficiency, age-related androgen deficiency.

How to increase

Firstly, to increase follitropin levels, a diet is prescribed, which includes dark green and sea vegetables, ginseng, foods containing large amounts of natural fatty acids. Secondly, to mandatory recommendations This includes normalizing body weight, including through lifestyle changes and sports. Massage of the lower abdomen and thumb is indicated. Oddly enough, to increase FSH levels you need to reduce stress. During overstrain, both physical and mental, our body releases hormones that suppress the production of follitropin.

To help you - proper food, adequate sleep, hot baths, sports, yoga and good psychotherapist. All these recommendations are important, but, as a rule, not the only therapy. The doctor will prescribe the main treatment! Therapy will depend on the results of all studies performed (extensive blood test for hormones, blood for biochemistry, sometimes ultrasound, CT, MRI and even radiography) and after diagnosis. For a tumor or cyst you will need surgery, in case of problems with female hormones, estrogen and progesterone will help with hormone replacement therapy.

How and when to get tested for FSH

How to prepare for a blood test, what day to take it, and should you abstain from sex beforehand? Patients have many questions. To take a blood test for follitropin:

prepare for your doctor a list of all medications, not just hormonal ones, that you are taking;
wait until days 4–7 of the cycle; men don’t have to wait for anything except laboratory working hours;
come to your test hungry;
within three days, stop engaging in active sports and sex;
an hour and a half before the test, do not smoke if you are addicted to it addiction;
15 minutes before going to treatment room In some familiar way, calm your brain and relax.

In both men and women, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces biologically active substances that directly affect normal work reproductive system. One of these is the FSH hormone, the norm in women varies by different days month. In addition to it, gonadotropic hormones include luteinizing hormone and prolactin synthesized by pituitary cells.

The level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is not constant. Its quantitative content in the blood changes during different periods of life. In girls aged 1.5 to 9 years, its indicator is 0.11-1.6 mIU/ml. A significant increase in hormone levels in a child indicates that the time is approaching when puberty.

The same phenomenon is observed in women during menopause. Due to a decrease in ovarian activity, estradiol is produced in a smaller volume; the level of synthesized hormones increases in the pituitary gland. active substances– follicle-stimulating and luteinizing. Made against this backdrop lab tests can show a result ranging from 25.8 to 134.8 mIU/ml.

FSH levels also fluctuate depending on the periods of the menstrual cycle. During each of them, cyclical processes occur that affect a woman’s ability to conceive a child.

Menstrual phase from 1 to 6 days

Immediately after the start of monthly bleeding and for the entire 4-6 days while it lasts, the level of FSH in women is quite low - from 2.5 to 12.5 mIU/ml.

Follicular phase from days 3 to 14

A feature of this period is the maturation of their eggs inside under the influence of high levels of FSH. Of several active follicles, only one (the largest) will be able to move into the next menstrual phase.

As the dominant follicle the level of other hormones increases - estrogens, which are responsible for the development inner shell uterus (endometrium). The follicular phase lasts up to two weeks. Follitropin in the blood at this stage is the same as after the onset of menstruation.

Ovulatory phase from 13 to 15 days

She falls in the middle monthly cycle. This period is characterized by the highest level of FSH per month, which coincides with an increase in the content of luteinizing hormone (LH). As a result, the follicle ruptures, from which a mature egg emerges. These days, the indicator rises to maximum monthly values, reaching 4.7-29.4 mIU/ml.

Luteal phase from 15 days before the start of menstruation

It occurs after the rupture of the follicle, in its place a corpus luteum appears. It actively synthesizes progesterone, while the level of FSH and estrogen decreases. Immediately before the onset of menstruation, follicle-stimulating hormone in the blood again becomes greater. Average values at this phase of the cycle are 1.7-7.7 mIU/ml.

Hormone ratio

IN initial period during the menstrual cycle, the content of FSH in the blood exceeds the amount of LH. That's why it's called follicular phase. In the second half of the menstrual cycle, LH increases.

The ratio of LH to FSH hormones is extremely important for determining the state of the reproductive system and the readiness of the female body for conception.

The amount of hormones LH and follitropin (FSH) is not the same in different periods woman's life. In girls who have not reached puberty, the LH/FSH ratio is 1:1. This indicates that in children's body equal amounts of both hormones are synthesized.

Before the onset of menarche (first menstruation), this value approaches 1.5:1 (the content of luteinizing hormone prevails over the amount of FSH). When puberty is completed and a stable menstrual rhythm is established, the hormone that stimulates the growth of follicles is one and a half (sometimes 2) times less than luteinizing hormone. This phenomenon lasts until a woman enters menopause.

Hormones FSH and LH during extinction reproductive functions are produced by the pituitary gland, but the amount of luteinizing agent is significantly reduced. At normal FSH 30-128 mIU/ml, and LH 19-73 mIU/ml, their ratio is 1.5-2. Exactly increased level follicle-stimulating substance provides a large amount unpleasant symptoms, which a woman feels when menopause occurs.

When do you take a blood test for FSH?

Hormones produced in the pituitary gland - FSH LH prolactin, as well as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have a direct effect on a woman’s reproductive ability. Therefore, if you have problems with conception, as well as if you suspect gynecological pathologies caused by hormonal imbalance, doctors order a laboratory test.

But women need to know that in order to get an objective result, they need to choose the “right” day to go to the laboratory. It is then that the objective result will show.

If you need to find out the FSH level, you will have to do it in the period from 3 to 8 days of the cycle (or from 19 to 21). Before this, it is recommended not to eat anything for at least 8 hours. If possible, it is better not to take any medications the day before the test, and you should not drink alcoholic beverages.

Most often, an analysis is prescribed to determine the cause of infertility, as well as in other cases:

in order to determine the phase of the menstrual cycle;
if you need to identify the causes of impaired sexual function;
V diagnostic purposes with early or delayed sexual development;
when monitoring the effectiveness of hormonal treatment.

In some cases, along with a blood test for FSH content, additional data on the level of hormones - thyroid-stimulating, testosterone, progesterone - may be needed. Sometimes it is necessary to donate blood for estradiol.

You need to find out the level of FSH in a woman with the following pathologies:

disruption of the pituitary gland;
infertility;
recurrent miscarriages;
painful periods;
menstrual irregularities;
the monthly cycle is too long (40 days or more).

Need to find out hormonal levels if a woman is preparing for pregnancy. The examination is part of a program to prepare for in vitro fertilization.

Experts associate increased levels of the hormone with disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries, which lead to early offensive menopause, and also too active work pituitary gland and some other pathologies. Low content FSH is characteristic of hypofunction of the endocrine gland located in the brain.

Conclusion

Follicle stimulating hormone is synthesized endocrine gland brain, which weighs only about 0.5 grams - the pituitary gland. The normal time interval at which FSH is produced lasts from 1 to 4 hours. The amount of follitropin entering the blood is influenced by the content of other biologically active substances - testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol plays an important role. In this case, feedback works - the higher the level of sex hormones, the lower the amount of FSH and vice versa.

This close relationship explains the unequal content of follicle-stimulating hormone on different stages a woman's life - during puberty or reproductive age, with the onset of menopause.

The main function of FSH is to increase the efficiency of the ripening process of follicles that contain eggs. It occurs most actively in the first half of the monthly cycle, and accordingly, the level of the hormone is then maximum. Once the follicle has grown to required sizes, luteinizing hormone begins to act. It causes rupture of the Graafian vesicle and the release of an egg from it - ovulation.

Produced in female body hormones LH and FSH, as well as progesterone, estradiol and prolactin create maximum comfortable conditions for conception and successful pregnancy.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary system, more precisely in the pituitary gland. Its production is regulated by the hypothalamus, and the concentration of FSH directly depends on the level of sex hormones in the blood.

With a slight decrease in their concentration, the formation of FSH is stimulated, and with high level- synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone decreases. Inhibin-B, which is found in ovarian cells and in seminiferous tubules men.

Features of hormone production

The process of FSH synthesis is not constant, but pulsating. Thus, when the synthesized follicle-stimulating hormone is released into the female blood, its concentration increases sharply and exceeds the necessary norm 2, and even 2.5 times. Then the level gradually decreases. The highest concentration is observed in the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle.

FSH levels in different periods woman's life

So the content of this hormone in female blood depends on the specific stage (phase) of the menstrual cycle. In , FSH is normally 3.49-13 IU/l, while in luteal it decreases - 1.69-7.7. The hormone reaches its highest concentration during ovulation - 4.69-22 IU/l. During the current pregnancy, the concentration of FSH decreases quite sharply, and reaches a concentration of 0.01-0.3 IU/l.

During the postmenopausal period, the FSH content increases, which is associated with inhibition of the synthesis of estradiol and progesterone. IN this period FSH concentration reaches 26-135 IU/l.

Kallmann syndrome;
lack of hormone production by the pituitary gland;
tumors of the ovaries, testicles.

In turn, an increase in the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone above normal can lead to diseases such as:

diseases of the gonads;
pituitary tumor;
ovarian cyst;
underdevelopment of the gonads;
premature puberty.

Meaning

FSH, synthesized in the female body, promotes the maturation of follicles and ensures their preparation for the ovulation process. This hormone directly regulates the first phase of the entire menstrual cycle, the follicular phase. Under its influence, the follicle increases significantly in size and begins to produce. At the end of the follicular phase, the concentration of FSH increases sharply. Then the follicle bursts, and a mature egg emerges from it into the peritoneal cavity, that is, the process of ovulation occurs.

During phase 2 of the cycle, the luteal phase, FSH promotes the direct synthesis of progesterone. When a woman reaches the age of 45-50 years, menopause occurs, during which estradiol and progesterone are no longer produced by the ovaries, which leads to an increase in the concentration of FSH in the body.

FSH is also found in men, but in much lower concentrations. This hormone triggers the process of spermatogenesis in young men. It is FSH that promotes normal development male seminiferous tubules and increases the level of the hormone testosterone. In addition, follicle-stimulating hormone is involved in the formation of sperm and in the process of sperm maturation. The level of this hormone in men increases sharply when the body experiences a decrease in the functional activity of the testicles.

High concentrations of FSH are observed at birth of infants. In boys it decreases in six months, and in girls it reaches the norm in 1-1.5 years. IN next time its content increases only upon reaching adolescence, when FSH regulates the process of puberty.

Being healthy for a woman is very important, but at the same time difficult. The most important thing in a woman’s life – pregnancy – depends on health. In order for a woman to be able to conceive and easily carry a child, there are many hormones in the body. One of them is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Of course, a doctor needs to analyze the results of the FSH study, but every woman would also benefit from knowledge about hormones, their norms and in what cases the hormone can be increased or decreased.

What is follicle stimulating hormone?

FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary gland. FSH receptors are located on the cells of the granular layer. With the help of this hormone, maturation, growth of follicles and synthesis of estrogen occur in a woman’s body. Follicle-stimulating hormone influences the initial phase of the menstrual cycle in this way: the follicle becomes larger and thus the hormone estradiol appears, then under the influence of another hormone, luteinizing hormone, the egg is released (ovulation) and the corpus luteum appears. During the luteal phase, FSH produces the hormone progesterone. As a result, due to the rhythmic level of follicle-stimulating hormone, a normal monthly menstrual cycle occurs. FSH helps the endometrium grow in the uterus without pathologies. FSH levels vary depending on the secretion of estradiol and progesterone. FSH enters the blood rhythmically, the time difference is from 1 to 4 hours, the release itself lasts approximately 15 minutes. During the release, the level of FSH in the body increases by one and a half to two times.

In what cases is FSH testing performed?

This question is best answered, of course, by a medical specialist. To give you a little background, here are a few reasons for referral for FSH testing:

Infertility;
Suspicion of pituitary pathology;
Inflammatory processes in the genital organs;
Failure of the menstrual cycle;
Oligomenorrhea;
When taking hormonal drugs;
With a menstrual cycle of more than 40 days;
If you are overweight.

How to take an FSH test?

When analyzing FSH, they take venous blood. Studies must be performed on days 3-5 of the cycle, unless the doctor prescribes a different time. In order to be confident in the result of the analysis, it is necessary to select not only good clinic, but also adhere to several rules:

2-3 hours before donating blood for analysis, do not eat;
Stop taking steroid and thyroid hormones for 48 hours;
During the day before the test, try not to be nervous or overexert yourself;
Smoking is prohibited 3-4 hours before donating blood.

Hormone levels in women

After the results are received, it is necessary to compare them with the norms depending on the day of the cycle on which the FSH was taken. FSH norms in women:

Menstrual (days 1-6): 2.8 – 11.3 honey/l.
Ovulation (13-15 days): 5.8 – 21 honey/l.
Luteal (15th day - beginning of the next menstruation): 1.2 – 9 mU/l.
Menopause: 19.3 – 100 mU/l.

Do not forget that the highest concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, during ovulation and menopause.

Causes of low FSH.

Usually, low level FSH is present when a woman has scanty periods or when ovulation does not occur. If FSH is low, it is important to donate blood again; if the result is confirmed, this may indicate a disruption of the hypothalamus or the functions of the pituitary gland, which secretes necessary hormones for the gonads.

FSH deficiency may indicate a malfunction of the menstrual cycle and ovarian function. This is due to the fact that the pituitary gland produces insufficient amounts of hormones responsible for healthy functioning female gonads.

With the disease hyperprolactinemia, in which an increased amount of prolactin is present in the body, FSH usually decreases.

If lead poisoning occurs, you need to tell your doctor about it, as this fact can greatly affect the decrease in the hormone.

It is important to note that during pregnancy the concentration of FSH is almost zero.

FSH may also decrease with the following diseases:

Kallmann syndrome;
Isolated FSH deficiency;
Sheehan syndrome;
Hemochromatosis;
Ovarian neoplasms;
Dwarfism;
Anorexia and starvation.

Low level may occur when using oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, anabolic steroids, oral contraceptives and hormonal therapy.

Reasons for elevated levels

A high FSH result can be predicted if a woman has uterine discharge outside of menstruation or when there are no periods at all.

An increase in FSH may be caused by ovarian exhaustion. When the functions of the ovaries are impaired, a sufficient amount of female sex hormones is not released, because of this, the pituitary gland, wanting to restore them, produces a large amount of follicle-stimulating hormone. Elevated FSH does not always indicate poor ovarian function; it may be a sign of reduced ovarian reserve or in other cases described below.

For prolonged periods radiation therapy or when frequent exposure x-rays an increase in the concentration of FSH in the blood may occur.

Long-term smoking negatively affects the entire body, hormones are no exception. It has been proven that heavy smokers FSH levels are more often elevated than in non-smokers.

If a woman develops renal failure, then it is quite possible to observe an increase in FSH.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding may also cause an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone. They occur due to the persistence of the follicle: on a certain day of the menstrual cycle, the follicle does not rupture, thereby releasing the egg.

Experts have noted that FSH is elevated in women when there is:

Primary ovarian failure;
Endometriosis;
Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome;
Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland;
Ectopic secretion;
Ovarian pathology;
Diabetes mellitus type 2;
Alcoholism.

An increased level of the hormone during menopause is considered normal if it is within the acceptable standards. FSH may be increased when taking certain medicines, for example, cimetidine, clomiphene, oxcarbazepine, nafarelin, digitalis and levodopa.

To make an accurate diagnosis, you should take an analysis for the concentration of LH (luteinizing hormone) and compare it with the results of FSH. Normally this ratio should be 2:1. Your doctor may order tests for certain hormones, such as testosterone, prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol, for a more accurate diagnosis.

In conclusion, I would like to note that there are many reasons that affect hormones and their concentration in the blood. Therefore, if the result of follicle-stimulating hormone is not normal, it is best to consult a specialist doctor - a gynecologist or endocrinologist for clarification of the analysis and choice suitable treatment. Be healthy!