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On what day after menstruation does ovulation occur? How to calculate it? Discharge before ovulation. The main reasons why this can happen include

Every month, all girls’ bodies prepare for conception, and for many it is very important to know in advance the dates when the egg is released from the ovaries. We will tell you when ovulation occurs in women at 28 daily cycle, how to understand that the process has begun, its reasons and how often it is carried out.

What is ovulation

Menstrual cycles are a very complex phenomenon, they are not always regular, they can start and end as they please, and sometimes even happen several times a month. This is explained by the fact that each woman is individual, the cycle depends on many factors:

  1. Stress;
  2. Physical activity;
  3. Hormone levels.

Both with an irregular cycle and with regular dates, it is very important to know how many days before menstruation the egg is released, because ovulation is important not only for those who want to become parents, but also for those who use calculation as a method of contraception.
Video: how ovulation occurs

How does the ovulation process occur?

Let's take a closer look at what ovulation is and when it occurs. This process relates to a specific phase of the menstrual cycle, it is called the “ovulation phase”. It is at this time that the ovary releases an egg for fertilization. The body sends a series of signals that trigger an increase in estrogen levels in the body. In turn, this increase causes an increase in luteinizing hormone (the so-called LH surge). This is a special hormone that is responsible for the fact that after ovulation, when conception occurs, fertilization occurs. When this LH surge reaches a certain point, one of the ovaries releases an egg. It moves down the fallopian tubes with the goal of creating new life.

It is very difficult to accurately predict on what day after ovulation conception occurs. This is because every woman's cycle is different, and it can even vary from month to month. As a rule, it is believed that every girl has a cycle lasting about 28 days. But according to the latest data, it can vary from 21 days to 35. Irregular periods are especially problematic in this regard (when they always occur at different time), it is almost impossible to recognize “day X” here.

A general rule of thumb is that ovulation occurs two weeks before your period. This means that if you have a 28 day menstrual cycle, approximately on the fourteenth day the egg will be released from the ovary. But such graphs are not accurate. As a result of some changes in the body or lifestyle, ovulation can occur on any day from the 9th to the 20th. To ensure that the calendar does not fail, you need to monitor the presence of other signs of ovulation.

Many women prefer to calculate their cycle to determine when ovulation will occur. All you need is a calendar. When the period comes, this day is marked on the calendar. In the second month, we again mark the start date and calculate the number of days between cycles. In order to determine the ovulation phase as accurately as possible, we count 14 days ago from the last marked day.


 Photo – Menstrual cycle

It is also very important to know why the egg does not ovulate. Causes may be different: illness, postpartum period, abortion, psychological shock. Women's reproductive system- This is a very delicate part of our body. But remember that if you don’t menstruate, this does not mean that you are not releasing eggs. If your period stops at one point, and this is not related to pregnancy or childbirth, go to the doctor immediately, this may mean a cyst, venereal disease or severe neurosis.

Why know about the day of ovulation

Why is it important for girls to know when ovulation occurs? There are many factors and aspects of life where this knowledge is needed:

  • Tracking your ovulation will help you predict when your period will start, so you'll never be caught off guard. This is especially useful for irregular periods, after an abortion, with polycystic disease or endometriosis;
  • During ovulation, girls are in their most fertile period. If pregnancy is your most important desire, then knowledge of the timing of ovulation will play a good role;
  • Women who are active sex life, but do not want to get pregnant, sometimes control ovulation to prevent pregnancy. If you abstain from lovemaking during this period, the risk of becoming a mother is significantly reduced.

 Photo – Development process

Signs of ovulation

Girls very clearly show that they are in a fertile period. Exists whole line physical signs. How to determine the time of ovulation:

  • Swollen breasts. Before and during ovulation, girls’ nipples become inflamed and become more sensitive, and their breasts may become larger;
  • Nagging pain in the lower abdomen: menstrual pain accompanies more than 60% of girls all their lives. This is the brightest and unpleasant sign that ovulation occurs in the ovary;
  • Body temperature. During the release of the egg, it is noticed slight increase basal temperature bodies;
  • The condition of nails and hair follicles improves; after ovulation they occur at a normal pace;
  • Changes in the cervix. This is noticed only by girls who have already given birth and professional gynecologists. Because of the mucus, the shape and position of the cervix changes slightly, which simplifies the process of conception.

To be sure that the process has begun, it is advisable for you to do special tests; they are sold in all pharmacies. We do not recommend relying only on information from calculations and calendars.

If there is no ovulation, girls begin to worry and get nervous, because this in itself is a sign of weakness and soreness in the body.

What to do if ovulation does not occur:

  1. Rule out the possibility of pregnancy using a test;
  2. Visit a doctor, he will determine the cause as accurately as possible, conduct tests and prescribe treatment;
  3. Don’t be nervous, even if you have ovarian dysfunction, you will only make things worse with worries and hysterics;
  4. Doctors often use the method hCG injection. Of course, the result is not 100%, and still the question of why there is no ovulation phase remains open, but this way the chances of getting pregnant increase significantly;
  5. The most severe method: induce ovulation. To do this, you can use the drug Clostilbegit (Clomiphene Citrate). Use this method only after consulting your doctor. It is strictly forbidden to drink during fever, pregnancy or breastfeeding.

The main task of a woman on Earth is considered to be procreation. Of course, both a woman and a man are involved in the process of conception, but will a representative of the fairer sex endure pregnancy, will she give birth? healthy child- depends only on herself. Ovulation is necessary for fertilization to occur. Ovulation and conception are two interrelated conditions, because in the absence of ovulation, fertilization is impossible. Signs of ovulation are almost always noticed by a woman (consciously or not), so knowing them is necessary not only for planning long-awaited pregnancy, but also to prevent unwanted.

Menstrual cycle and its phases

To define the term “ovulation”, you should understand the concept of “menstrual cycle”.

During the menstrual cycle, functional and structural transformations successively occur in the female body, which affect not only the reproductive system, but also the rest (nervous, endocrine and others).

The formation of the menstrual cycle, which is physiological for female body, begins during puberty. The first menstruation or menarche occurs at the age of 12 - 14 years of girls and draws a line under the first period of puberty. The menstrual cycle is finally established after a year to a year and a half and is characterized by the regularity of menstrual bleeding and a relatively stable duration. During the specified time (1 - 1.5 years), the cycles of a teenage girl are anovulatory, that is, there is no ovulation, and the cycles themselves consist of two phases: follicular and luteal. Anovulation when a cycle begins is considered absolutely normal occurrence and is associated with insufficient production hubbub necessary for ovulation to occur. By approximately 16 years of age, the menstrual cycle acquires its own individual characteristics, which persist throughout life and regular ovulation appears.

Physiology of the menstrual cycle

The average duration of the menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days. Duration menstrual bleeding is 3 – 7 days. For most women total duration cycle is 28 days (in 75% of the population).

It is customary to divide the menstrual cycle into two phases, the boundary between which is ovulation (in some sources a separate ovulatory phase is distinguished). All changes that occur periodically and are repeated approximately every month in a woman’s body, in particular in reproductive system, aimed at ensuring complete ovulation. If this process does not occur, the cycle is called anovulatory, and the woman, accordingly, is infertile.

Phases of the “female” cycle:

First phase

In the first phase (another name is follicular), the pituitary gland begins to produce follicle-stimulating hormone, under the influence of which the process of proliferation (maturation) of follicles or folliculogenesis starts in the ovaries. At the same time, over the course of one month, the ovary (either in the right or in the left) begins active growth about 10 - 15 follicles, which become proliferating or maturing. Maturing follicles, in turn, synthesize estrogens necessary for the final completion of the maturation process dominant follicle, that is, they are temporary glands. Under the influence of estrogen, the main (dominant) follicle forms a cavity around itself, which is filled with follicular fluid and where the egg “ripens”. As the dominant follicle grows and a cavity forms around it (now called the Graafian vesicle), follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogens accumulate in the follicular fluid. As soon as the process of maturation of the egg is completed, the dominant follicle sends a signal to the pituitary gland, and it stops producing FSH, as a result of which the Graafian vesicle ruptures and a mature, full-fledged egg is released into the “light.”

Second phase

So what is ovulation? The second phase (conventionally) is called ovulatory, that is, the period when the Graafian vesicle ruptures and the egg appears in free space(V in this case in the abdominal cavity, often on the surface of the ovary). Ovulation is the process of direct release of an egg from the ovary. The rupture of the main follicle occurs under the “banner” of luteinizing hormone, which begins to be secreted by the pituitary gland after a signal is given to it by the follicle itself.

Third phase

This phase is called the luteal phase, as it occurs with the participation of luteinizing hormone. As soon as the follicle bursts and “releases” the egg, the granulosa cells of the Graafian vesicle begin to form corpus luteum. During the process of granulosa cell division and formation of the corpus luteum, progesterone begins to be synthesized along with the pituitary gland secreting LH. The corpus luteum and the production of progesterone are designed to preserve the egg in case of fertilization, ensure its implantation into the uterine wall and maintain pregnancy until the placenta is formed. The formation of the placenta is completed by approximately 16 weeks of pregnancy and one of its functions includes the synthesis of progesterone. So, if fertilization has occurred, then the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum of pregnancy, and if the egg does not meet the sperm, then the corpus luteum undergoes reverse changes (involution) by the end of the cycle and disappears. In this case, it is called the corpus luteum of menstruation.

All the described changes affect only the ovaries and are therefore called the ovarian cycle.

Uterine cycle

Speaking about the physiology of the menstrual cycle and the ovulation cycle, it should be noted structural changes, which occur in the uterus under the influence of certain hormones:

Desquamation phase

The first day of the menstrual cycle is considered to be the first day of menstruation. Menstruation is the rejection of the overgrown functional layer of the uterine mucosa, which was ready to receive (implant) a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, then desquamation of the uterine mucosa occurs along with blood - menstrual bleeding.

Regeneration phase

Follows the desquamation phase and is accompanied by restoration of the functional layer with the help of reserve epithelium. This phase begins during bleeding (at the same time the epithelium is rejected and restored) and ends on the 6th day of the cycle.

Proliferation phase

It is characterized by the proliferation of stroma and glands and coincides in time with the follicular phase. With a 28-day cycle, it lasts up to 14 days and ends when the follicle matures and is ready to rupture.

Secretion phase

The secretory phase corresponds to the phase of the corpus luteum. At this stage, thickening and loosening of the functional layer of the uterine mucosa occurs, which is necessary for the successful introduction of a fertilized egg into its thickness (implantation).

Signs of ovulation

Knowing its signs will help determine the day of ovulation, for which you need to pay great attention to your body. Of course, ovulation cannot always be suspected, because its manifestations are very subjective and sometimes go unnoticed by a woman. But the changes hormonal levels, occurring every month, allow you to “calculate” and remember the sensations during ovulation and compare them with those that occur again.

Subjective signs

Subjective signs of ovulation include those that the woman herself feels and which only she can tell about. Another name for subjective signs is sensations:

Stomach ache

One of the first signs of ovulation is considered painful sensations lower abdomen. On the eve of follicle rupture, a woman may feel, but not necessarily, a slight tingling sensation in the lower sections abdomen, usually on the right or left. This indicates a maximally enlarged and tense dominant follicle, which is about to burst. After its rupture, a small wound, a few millimeters in size, remains on the lining of the ovary, which also bothers the woman. This is manifested by minor aching or nagging pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen. Feelings like this disappear after a couple of days, but if the pain does not go away or is so acute that it disrupts your usual lifestyle, you should consult a doctor (ovarian apoplexy is possible).

Mammary gland

There may be pain or increased sensitivity in the mammary glands, which is associated with hormonal changes. The production of FSH stops and the synthesis of LH begins, which is reflected in the chest. It becomes swollen and rough and becomes very sensitive to touch.

Libido

Another characteristic subjective sign of approaching and occurring ovulation is increased libido ( sexual desire), which is also due hormonal changes. It is so predetermined by nature that it ensures procreation - since the egg is ready for fertilization, it means that sexual desire needs to be strengthened to increase the likelihood of sexual intercourse and subsequent pregnancy.

Increased sensations

On the eve and during the period of ovulation, a woman notes an aggravation of all sensations ( increased sensitivity to smells, change color perception and taste), which also explains hormonal changes. Not excluded emotional lability and sudden changes in mood (from irritability to joy, from tears to laughter).

Objective signs

Objective signs (symptoms of ovulation) are those that are seen by the examining person, for example, a doctor:

Cervix

During a gynecological examination during the ovulatory phase, the doctor may note that the cervix has softened somewhat, the cervical canal has opened slightly, and the cervix itself has risen upward.

Edema

Swelling of the extremities, most often the legs, indicates a change in the production of FSH to the production of LH and is visible not only to the woman herself, but also to her relatives and the doctor.

Discharge

During ovulation, vaginal discharge also changes in nature. If in the first phase of the cycle a woman does not notice spots on her underwear, which is due to a thick plug that clogs the cervical canal and prevents infectious agents from entering the uterine cavity, then during the ovulatory stage the discharge changes. Slime in cervical canal liquefies and becomes viscous and viscous, which is necessary to facilitate the penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. Cervical mucus looks like egg white, stretches up to 7 - 10 cm and leaves noticeable stains on the laundry.

Blood in the discharge

Another characteristic objective, but optional, sign of ovulation. Blood in the discharge appears very small quantities, so a woman may not notice this symptom. One or two drops of blood enter the fallopian tube, then into the uterus and into the cervical canal after rupture of the dominant follicle. Rupture of the follicle is always accompanied by damage to the tunica albuginea of ​​the ovary and the release of a small amount of blood into the abdominal cavity.

Basal temperature

This symptom can only be identified by a woman who regularly keeps a basal temperature chart. On the eve of ovulation, a slight (0.1 - 0.2 degrees) drop in temperature occurs, and during the rupture of the follicle and after the temperature rises and remains above 37 degrees.

Ultrasound data

An increase in the size of the dominant follicle and its subsequent rupture are reliably determined using ultrasound.

After ovulation

Some women, especially those who use the calendar method of birth control, are interested in symptoms after ovulation has occurred. In this way, women calculate “safe” days regarding unwanted pregnancy. These signs are very uncharacteristic and may coincide with early symptoms pregnancy:

Vaginal discharge

As soon as the egg is released from the main follicle and dies (its lifespan is 24, maximum 48 hours), the discharge from the genital tract also changes. Vaginal leucorrhoea lose their transparency, become milky, possibly interspersed with small lumps, sticky and have poor stretch (see).

Pain

Within one to two days after completion of ovulation, discomfort and minor pain lower abdomen disappear.

Libido

Sexual desire gradually fades away, since now there is no point for sperm to meet with the egg, it has already died.

Basal temperature

If at the moment of rupture of the Graafian vesicle the basal temperature is significantly higher than 37 degrees, then after ovulation it decreases by several tenths of a degree, although it remains above 37 degrees. This sign unreliable, since even if conception occurs, the basal temperature will be above 37 degrees. The only difference is that by the end of the second phase (before the start of menstruation), the temperature will drop to 37 degrees or below.

Acne

On the eve and at the moment of ovulation, hormonal changes occur in the body, which is reflected in the condition of the facial skin - appears acne. Once ovulation is complete, the rash gradually disappears.

Ultrasound data

An ultrasound can reveal the dominant follicle that has collapsed due to rupture, a small amount of fluid in the retrouterine space, and the later forming corpus luteum. Ultrasound data are most indicative in the case of dynamic study(maturation of follicles, determination of the dominant follicle and its subsequent rupture).

Signs of conception

Before talking about the signs of pregnancy after ovulation, it is worth understanding the terms “fertilization” and “conception.” Fertilization, that is, the meeting of the egg with the sperm, occurs in fallopian tube, from where the fertilized egg is sent to the uterus. In the uterine cavity, the fertilized egg chooses the most convenient place and attaches to the uterine wall, that is, it is implanted. After implantation has occurred, a close connection is established between the maternal body and the zygote (future embryo), which is supported by changes hormonal levels. The process of securely fixing the zygote in the uterine cavity is called conception. That is, if fertilization has taken place, but implantation has not yet occurred, this is not called pregnancy, and some sources indicate a term such as “biological pregnancy.” Until the zygote is firmly established in the thickness of the endometrium, it can be expelled from the uterus simultaneously with menstrual flow, which is called very early miscarriage or termination of a biological pregnancy.

Signs of conception are very difficult to determine, especially for an inexperienced woman, and appear approximately 10 to 14 days after ovulation:

Basal temperature

At possible pregnancy basal temperature remains high, about 37.5 degrees, and does not decrease before the expected menstruation.

Implantation retraction

If in the second phase of the cycle after ovulation the basal temperature remains elevated (more than 37) almost until the onset of menstruation, then at the moment the zygote implants into the uterine mucosa, it slightly decreases, which is called implantation retraction. Such a drop is characterized by a mark below 37 degrees, and the next day by a sharp jump in temperature (more than 37 and higher than it was after ovulation).

Implantation bleeding

When a fertilized egg tries to settle in the thickness of the uterine mucosa, it somewhat destroys it and damages nearby small vessels. Therefore, the implantation process, but not necessarily, is accompanied by small bloody discharge, which can be noticed in the form of pinkish spots on the underwear, or one or two drops of blood.

Change in well-being

From the moment of implantation, a shift in hormonal levels occurs, which is manifested by lethargy, apathy, possibly irritability and tearfulness, increased appetite, changes in taste and olfactory sensations. Also on early stages Several pregnancies can be noted elevated temperature body, which is associated with the influence of hormones (progesterone) on the thermoregulation center. This phenomenon is absolutely normal for pregnancy and is aimed at suppressing the mother’s body’s immunity and preventing miscarriage. Many women take a rise in temperature and deterioration in well-being as the first signs of ARVI.

Discomfort in the lower abdomen

Some discomfort or even cramps in the lower abdomen for one, maximum two days are also associated with the implantation of the zygote and are absolutely physiological.

Mammary gland

Increased sensitivity, swelling and soreness in the mammary glands persists after ovulation. The possibility of conception is indicated by a slight increase in these symptoms.

Delayed menstruation

If menstruation has not started, it’s time to take a pregnancy test and make sure you’re right.

When does ovulation occur and how long does it last?

All women are interested in when ovulation occurs, because this is important for calculating favorable days for conception or for preventing unwanted pregnancy. As already indicated, the ovulatory period is the time that lasts from the moment the main follicle ruptures until a full-fledged egg enters the fallopian tube, where it has every chance of being fertilized.

It is impossible to determine the exact duration of the ovulatory period, due to the fact that even for a particular woman it can change in each cycle (lengthen or shorten). On average, the entire process takes 16 – 32 hours. It is the process, not the viability of the egg. But the lifespan of a released egg is simpler, and this time is 12 – 48 hours.

But if the lifespan of an egg is quite short, then sperm, on the contrary, remain active for up to 7 days. That is, if sexual intercourse took place on the eve of ovulation (a day or two before), then it is quite possible for the “fresh” egg to be fertilized by sperm that were “waiting” for it in the tube and have not lost their activity at all. It is on this fact that the calendar method of protection is based, that is, the calculation dangerous days(3 days before ovulation and 3 days after).

When it comes

A simple calculation will help determine the days of ovulation, but approximately. Ovulation occurs at the end of the first phase of the cycle (follicular). To know on what day a certain woman ovulates, she needs to know the duration of her cycle ( we're talking about about regular cycles).

Duration follicular phase It’s different for everyone and ranges from 10 to 18 days. But the duration of the second phase is always the same for all women and corresponds to 14 days. To determine ovulation, it is enough to subtract 14 days from the entire length of the menstrual cycle. As a result, it turns out that if the cycle lasts 28 days (minus 14), we get the 14th day of the cycle, which will mean the approximate day the egg is released from the follicle.

Or the cycle lasts 32 days, minus 14 - we get the approximate 18th day of the cycle - the day of ovulation. Why, when talking about such a simple calculation, is it called approximate? Because the menstrual cycle, and especially the ongoing ovulation, are very sensitive processes and depend on many factors. For example, ovulation may occur prematurely (early) or late (late).

The onset of early rupture of the follicle and release of the egg can be triggered by the following factors:

  • significant stress;
  • lifting weights;
  • significant sports loads;
  • frequent coitus;
  • hazardous production;
  • a common cold;
  • change in climate, lifestyle or diet;
  • excessive smoking or drinking alcohol;
  • sleep disturbance;
  • hormonal imbalance;
  • taking medications.

ABOUT late ovulation they say if it happens (with a 28-day cycle) on the 18th - 20th day. The reasons for this process are the same as the factors that provoke the early rupture of the main follicle.

How to calculate ovulation

All women need to know how to calculate ovulation, especially those who have tried for a long time and unsuccessfully to get pregnant. For this purpose, there are several developed methods for determining ovulation. All methods can be conditionally divided into “biological” and “official”, that is, laboratory and instrumental.

Calendar method

  • cycle duration (it should not be too short, for example, 21 days and not very long, 35 days) – optimal duration is 28 – 30 days;
  • regularity - ideally, menstruation should come “day after day”, but a deviation of +/- 2 days is allowed;
  • character menstrual flow– menstruation should be moderate, without clots and no more than 5–6 days, and the nature of the discharge should not change from cycle to cycle.

We subtract 14 from the length of the cycle (the length of the luteal phase) and conditionally take the day of ovulation (it can shift). We mark the calculated date on the calendar and add 2 days to 2 days after - these days are also considered favorable for fertilization.

Basal temperature

More reliable method is a method of calculating ovulation using a basal temperature chart. To calculate favorable days To conceive, the following conditions must be met:

  • measurement of basal, that is, in the rectum, temperature for at least three months;
  • drawing up a schedule (this item is required) of basal temperature;
  • measurements should be taken in the morning, after a night's sleep, at same time and without getting out of bed.

According to the compiled schedule, we mark the first phase of the cycle, during which the temperature will remain below 37 degrees, then a pre-ovulatory decrease during the day (by 0.1 - 0.2 degrees), a sharp rise in temperature (by 0.4 - 0.5 degrees) and subsequent temperature stay above 37 degrees (second phase). A sharp jump will be considered the day the egg leaves the Graafian vesicle. We mark this day on the calendar and also do not forget about 2 days before 2 days after.

Tests to determine ovulation

Special tests for identifying the ovulatory process can be easily purchased at any pharmacy (see). The tests are based on detecting high levels of luteinizing hormone in any biological fluid(blood, urine or saliva). Positive test indicates the release of a mature egg from the ovary and its readiness for conception.

Gynecological examination

When conducting gynecological examination the doctor can quite reliably identify signs of ovulation using tests functional diagnostics. The first is a method for determining extensibility cervical mucus. The forceps captures mucus from the external pharynx of the cervix, and then its branches are separated. If the mucus is viscous and the separation of the jaws reaches 10 cm or more, this is considered one of the symptoms of ovulation. The second is the “pupil method”. Increasing mucus in cervical canal stretches it, including the external pharynx, and it becomes slightly open and round, like a pupil. If the external pharynx is narrowed and there is practically no mucus in it (“dry” neck), then this indicates the absence of ovulation (it has already passed).

Ultrasound – follicle measurement

This method allows you to determine with a 100% guarantee whether ovulation has occurred or not. In addition, using ultrasound folliculometry, you can create your own menstrual cycle schedule and ovulation calendar and find out whether it is approaching or completed. Characteristic ultrasound signs of upcoming ovulation:

  • growth of the main follicle plus expansion of the cervical canal;
  • identification of the main follicle that is ready to rupture;
  • control of the corpus luteum, which forms at the site of the burst follicle, detection of fluid in the retrouterine space, which indicates ovulation has occurred.

Hormonal method

This method is based on determining the amount of estrogen and progesterone in the blood. The latter begins to be released in the second phase of the cycle, when the resulting corpus luteum begins to function. About 7 days after the egg is released from the ovary, progesterone in the blood increases, which confirms that ovulation has occurred. And the day before and on the day of ovulation, estrogen levels decrease significantly. The method is labor-intensive and requires repeated blood donations and finances.

Lack of ovulation

If there is no ovulation, this phenomenon is called anovulation. It is clear that in the absence of ovulation, pregnancy becomes impossible. It should be noted that healthy woman childbearing age observed up to two to three anovulatory cycles per year, which is considered normal. But if there is no ovulation all the time, then they talk about chronic anovulation and you should look for the reasons of this state, since the woman is diagnosed with “Infertility”. Causes of chronic anovulation include:

  • thyroid diseases;
  • overweight or obesity;
  • polycystic ovary disease;
  • diabetes;
  • lack of weight;
  • hyperprolactinemia;
  • ovarian dysfunction;
  • chronic inflammation of the ovaries;
  • endometriosis of the ovaries and uterus (hormonal imbalance in general);
  • constant stress;
  • excessive physical exercise(sports, household);
  • harmful working conditions;
  • pathology of the adrenal glands;
  • tumors of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus and other pathologies.

The following factors can lead to temporary (transient) anovulation:

  • pregnancy, which is natural, no menstrual cycle, no ovulation;
  • breastfeeding (most often during lactation there are no menstruation, but there may be, but the cycle is usually anovulatory);
  • premenopause (ovarian function is fading, so the cycles will be anovulatory rather than ovulatory);
  • taking contraceptive pills;
  • stress;
  • following a specific diet for weight loss;
  • increase in body weight or its sharp decrease;
  • change of usual environment;
  • climate change;
  • change of usual working conditions.

If there is no ovulation, what should you do? First of all, you should consult a doctor who will determine what caused this condition and how serious it is (chronic or temporary anovulation). If anovulation is temporary, the doctor will recommend adjusting your diet, stopping worrying and avoiding stress, changing your job (for example, one involving night shifts to day shifts), and taking vitamins.

In case of chronic anovulation, the gynecologist will definitely prescribe additional examination:

  • sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, FSH and LH) and adrenal and thyroid hormones;
  • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
  • colposcopy (according to indications);
  • hysteroscopy (according to indications);
  • diagnostic laparoscopy.

Depending on the identified cause, appropriate treatment is prescribed, the final stage which is the stimulation of ovulation. Basically, clostilbegit or clomiphene are used to stimulate ovulation, usually in combination with gonadotropic hormones (Menopur, Gonal-F). Ovulation stimulation is carried out during three menstrual cycles, and if there is no effect, the stimulation cycle is repeated after three cycles.

Question answer

Yes, such online calendars are quite suitable for calculating ovulation days, but their effectiveness reaches only 30%, which is based on the calendar method for determining ovulation.

Question:
With an irregular cycle, will chronic anovulation necessarily occur?

Yes, irregular cycle It is also more often anovulatory, although this is controversial. Even if your periods “jump” every month, ovulation may occur, but, as a rule, not in the middle of the cycle, but at the beginning or end.

This method is unreliable and has not been scientifically confirmed, but there is a hypothesis that “female” sperm, that is, those that contain the X chromosome, are more tenacious, but slower. Therefore, in order to give birth to a girl, it is necessary to have sexual intercourse two to three days before expected ovulation. It is during this time that the slow X sperm will reach the released egg and fertilize it. If you have sexual intercourse at the peak of ovulation, then the fast “male” sperm will outstrip the female ones and you will have a boy.

I repeat, the method is unreliable. Sperm containing the Y chromosome or “male” are more nimble and mobile, but are very sensitive to the acidic environment in the vagina, so sexual intercourse should take place on the day of ovulation, which must be confirmed by ultrasound. “Male” sperm, despite their activity, die very quickly, but if coitus took place on the day of ovulation, their death will not yet occur, and “male” sperm will reach the egg faster than “female” ones and fertilize it.

Question:
I play professional sports. Could this cause a lack of ovulation?

Certainly. Professional sports loads are very significant, which not only leads to persistent anovulation, but also to disruptions in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-ovarian system. Therefore, you have to choose, either professional sports and fame, or the birth of a child.

Pregnancy is a wonderful condition. And even better is the realization that a baby is about to appear in the house. You can bring the long-awaited moment closer by finding out the exact day of ovulation.

Calculation of the day of ovulation for cycle 28

Let's immediately look at independent calculation, including its advantages and disadvantages.

But a girl can become pregnant a few days earlier or later, since a sperm lives in a woman’s body for several days, and a fertilized egg lives for a day.

If the cycle is not regular, then you should not rely on calculations. In addition, ovulation can be early, timely, or late.

In case of independent miscalculation a great assistant is an ovulation test, which can be purchased at any pharmacy.

If we talk about online calculations, then it is simpler and better than doing it yourself calendar method because the program produces the following dates:

  • day of ovulation;
  • probable days of conception;
  • “useless” days;
  • for those for whom the gender of the child is important, the periods of “boy” and “girl” are emphasized.

Method of use online calculator very simple: you need to enter the date of the first day of menstruation, the duration of menstruation (for example, 3 days), the duration of the cycle - in our case, 28 days. Then click the “calculate” button.

Everything is quite elementary. But this test is not suitable if the cycle is not regular or ovulation is untimely (early or late).

The doctor determines the day of ovulation using ultrasound diagnostics. This method is used mainly by girls whose cycle is disrupted, that is, difficulties arise with independent and computer calculations.

Early ovulation with a 28-day cycle

Early maturation of the egg is explained by:

  • hormonal imbalances;
  • unhealthy diet;
  • stress;
  • traumatic sex;
  • abuse of alcohol and drugs;
  • heavy physical labor;
  • change of place of residence;
  • overwork;
  • postpartum period and inflammatory processes.

Signs of early ovulation are similar to those of regular ovulation:

  • lower abdominal pain and bloating;
  • breast swelling and pain;
  • change in the consistency of vaginal discharge;
  • mood swings;
  • increased libido.

Early ovulation is not as scary as it might seem at first glance, although it all depends on the reasons for its occurrence. By eliminating the factor, the problem is also eliminated.

Late ovulation with a 28-day cycle

If early maturation eggs are common case, then later – refers almost to isolated situations. The harbingers of late ovulation are more serious than in the previous version:

  • infectious diseases of the genital organs;
  • abortions;
  • miscarriages;
  • postpartum period;
  • menopause;
  • hormonal dysfunction.

It is now clear that to treat late ovulation it is necessary to eliminate its source.

As for symptoms, everything is determined at the individual level - each woman is different.

Is it possible to ovulate again?

Typically the formula is: 1 cycle = 1 ovulation. But there are known exceptions, or rather:

  • before the onset of menopause;
  • stopping taking hormonal medications;
  • increased sexual attraction, which more often occurs in women in the absence of regular relationships.

As has already become known, from re-ovulation no one is immune. But it is not recommended to hope for it, even if it has arrived, since the mature egg most often dies during this period.

No ovulation

Some women throw hysterics when they learn that during the entire period from period to period, her cell did not mature. It is too early to sound the alarm if anovulation (lack of ovulation) occurs 2–3 times a year. This happens even in a healthy body.

If anovulation is more than four times a year, then this is serious reason to see a doctor.

Anovulation is typical during: menopause, pregnancy, taking certain medical supplies; hormonal disorders, infertility.

Be that as it may, every girl who has reached reproductive age(even if she is a virgin) should visit a gynecologist at least twice a year. A preventative examination will allow you to avoid a number of problems in the future, and during a conversation with a doctor, a girl is able to find all the answers for herself. Besides, ultrasonic determination ovulation in medical institution- the surest way.

Normally, the egg is released from the ovary in the middle of the menstrual cycle. If this happens ahead of schedule, observed early ovulation.

What does this term mean?

It is believed that with a 28-day cycle, the release of a mature germ cell develops on the 14th day. This is what happens to most women. However, in some cases, ovulation in a 28-day cycle may occur on the 12th day or even earlier.

Women with this form of cycle disorder have a short follicular phase. This is the time from the start of menstruation to the release of the egg from the ovary. Usually its duration is 12-16 days. During this phase, the egg is protected by the follicle, where it grows and matures.

If the duration of the follicular phase is less than 12 days, early ovulation occurs, and pregnancy is less likely in this case. The egg in such a situation is not fully mature and is not ready for fertilization.

Can such a condition occur normally?

This can happen to any woman. But constant premature rupture of the follicle can cause infertility.

On what day of the cycle does early ovulation occur?

It occurs earlier than the 12th day after the start of menstruation. At 12-16 days, the egg is ready for fertilization with a cycle of 25 days.

Why is this happening

The main reasons for early ovulation:

  • time before the attack;
  • short follicular phase;
  • smoking, alcohol and caffeine abuse;
  • stress;
  • sudden loss or sudden weight gain;
  • early ovulation may occur after discontinuation of OCs (oral contraceptives);
  • sexually transmitted diseases;
  • a sudden change in normal daily activities;
  • Irregular menstrual cycle caused by gynecological hormonal diseases.

Any hormonal imbalance may disrupt the duration and staging of the menstrual cycle. The maturation of the egg in the ovarian follicle is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and its release is associated with the action of luteinizing hormone (LH). Both of these substances are produced in the pituitary gland under the control of the hypothalamus. A change in the level of these hormones leads to disruption of the ovulatory mechanism.

Premature onset of the ovulatory phase is associated with high level FSH.

A decrease in ovarian activity inevitably occurs with age. At birth, a girl has about 2 million eggs. During each menstrual cycle, hundreds of them die, and only one matures. The exception is hyperovulation, when more than one egg matures in one cycle.

By the age of 30, a woman has lost more than 90% of all eggs. As menopause approaches, the pituitary gland, through a feedback mechanism, begins to secrete more and more FSH to compensate for the lack of ovulating follicles. This leads to menstrual irregularities.

The consequences of constant early ovulation are the release of immature eggs and infertility.

Research shows that smoking causes problems ovulatory cycle and affects female fertility. When a woman smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day, it is almost impossible for a woman to fully mature her egg. The same can be said about the effects of alcohol and caffeine.

Signs and symptoms

To determine whether an egg is released prematurely, you need to track your cycle for at least 3 months. With a 28-day cycle, ovulation should be expected on days 12-16, with a 30-day cycle - on days 13-17.

If a woman soon after her period begins to feel following symptoms, more likely, ovulatory phase she started earlier than usual:

  • increased viscosity of cervical mucus;
  • soreness of the mammary glands;
  • increased sexual desire;
  • aching pain in the abdomen.

Signs of premature egg release can be monitored by determining the level of LH in the urine using.

How else can you determine early ovulation?

Questions about pregnancy with this condition

Is it possible to get pregnant if you ovulate early?

Yes, it is possible, but the probability of such an event is less than normal. With premature ovulation, an immature egg is released from the follicle. She may not be fertilized or may not develop further. Such an egg is difficult to implant into the wall of the uterus, so even a pregnancy that occurs is terminated early.

Early onset of ovulation is a sign of decreased ovarian reserve capacity. The lower they are due to a woman’s age or illness, the earlier the egg is released from the follicle.

An ovulation test performed early in pregnancy can measure hCG levels instead of LH levels (these hormones have similar chemical structure), and thus give false information about premature rupture of the follicle and lack of pregnancy.

Another obstacle to pregnancy, e.g. long cycle: a woman expects ovulation in the middle of the cycle, and the release of a mature egg has already occurred a long time ago, and all attempts to get pregnant are unsuccessful.

Can there be a cycle failure after an abortion?

Yes, this happens quite often. You need to wait at least one full cycle after this for ovulatory function to recover.

After a miscarriage, some women consistently ovulate earlier than usual, leading to infertility. This may be due to stress or hormonal imbalance. In this case, you need to consult a doctor.

Treatment

Most infertility problems in women are caused by ovulation problems. Therefore, before starting treatment, you need to consult a doctor and check your hormonal levels.

First of all, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of alcohol, caffeine and smoking. In addition, it is better to sleep in complete darkness. This helps restore FSH level, responsible for the first phase of the cycle. This is how it is regulated and fixed normal cycle, which facilitates conception and implantation of the embryo.

Other measures to restore reproductive function:

  • complete fortified diet;
  • auto-training techniques to cope with stress;
  • sleep at least 7 hours a day;
  • hardening, physical activity in the fresh air.

Drug treatment includes the prescription of drugs that stimulate the maturation of the egg and its timely release - FSH and LH (Cetrotide). They are administered subcutaneously from the first days of the cycle until the period of normal ovulation. Taking such medications on your own is strictly prohibited.

To normalize ovulation, glucocorticoids are often prescribed, mainly against the background of hyperandrogenism. It is not recommended to suddenly stop taking them. In this case, early ovulation may occur due to Metipred, Prednisolone or other glucocorticoid drugs. Their cancellation can only be carried out by a doctor according to a certain scheme.

If a woman constantly experiences early ovulation on the 8th day of the cycle or a little later, she needs to consult a doctor. This is especially important with a short menstrual cycle - 24 days, since the ability to conceive in this case is sharply reduced.

Sometimes, to restore hormonal levels, for example, with, women take various dietary supplements. Their effect on hormone levels is unknown. Therefore, it is impossible to say whether early ovulation can occur from Ovariamine or some similar means.

Independent restoration of timely ovulation is a complex process, which is difficult to influence only on your own. Therefore, all treatment recommendations boil down to general strengthening health, restoration of functions of the neurohumoral system. This should cause hormonal restoration in a physically healthy woman.

The use of progestogens (Duphaston) is aimed at maintaining an already established pregnancy, that is, at stabilizing the second phase of the cycle. Progestins do not affect the first half of this period and cannot cause early ovulation. The same applies to the popular drug Utrozhestan.

Use of Cetrotidna to prevent early ovulation

This process is most dangerous for women who plan to use assisted reproductive technologies. Indeed, with early ovulation, the eggs may be immature, which means their suitability for artificial insemination may decrease.

Cetrotide blocks the action of gonadotropin-releasing factor, secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulating the production of FSH. So through the chain chemical reactions stops early discharge FSH, responsible for the premature release of the egg. During ovarian stimulation, which serves as an essential part of preparation for, early ovulation - common occurrence. This drug is used to prevent it.

Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the release of LH and FSH from pituitary cells under the influence of estradiol, the content of which increases towards the middle of the cycle. The result is a surge in LH levels, which causes normal ovulation dominant follicle.

The drug is administered subcutaneously. There may be short-term soreness or redness at the injection site. Other side effects include nausea and headache. It should not be used during pregnancy, renal or liver failure, postmenopausal. The drug is dosed individually and is prescribed only by an experienced doctor at an auxiliary center reproductive technologies. Independent use similar hormonal drugs can cause a serious malfunction at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary system.

The long-awaited moment has come when a young family or married couple begins to think about the appearance of a little man who will become a continuation of their family. In the early stages of this period, difficulties and pitfalls begin to appear, because every fourth family has difficulties conceiving a child. Lack of ovulation is the limiting factor.

Any woman who is planning a pregnancy should understand what day after her period ovulation occurs. Ovulation is a process accompanied by the release of a mature egg from a ruptured follicle. Let's understand this process a little. any woman is divided into two important points- follicular and At the beginning of the cycle, exactly until the middle, the follicle matures, ruptures and moves the egg ready to merge with the sperm into the abdominal cavity. All this occurs under the influence of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, produced by the hypothalamus and the endocrine system as a whole. This is ovulation. If fusion does not occur, then the mature egg, along with inner layer the walls of the uterus come out in the form of bleeding. Ripening is determined by the middle menstrual period. Ideally, with a 28-day cycle, it will occur approximately 13-15 days after the start of menstruation. There are cases when ovulation occurs twice during the menstrual cycle. Is this related to any infectious diseases, malfunction endocrine system, stress.

Every girl who has reached puberty should be able to calculate her menstrual cycle. On average, its duration is 21-35 days. But there are cases when the cycle lasted less than 18 days and more than 45. Menstruation may be erratic depending on different situations: childbirth, abortion, lactation. And during pregnancy they stop moving altogether.

Many couples raise the question “on what day after menstruation does ovulation occur” in search of an answer only in order to use the calendar method to insure against the possibility of getting pregnant. But this does not need to be done, because, as stated above, the maturation of the egg in critical situations may recur in the same menstrual cycle. Yes, and ovulation due to health conditions may shift by 1-2 days within the cycle. Even if you manage to get between the “dangerous days,” this will not protect you from infection.

Some women experience increased desire, or so-called libido, during the maturation of the reproductive cell. Heavy discharge are also associated with rupture of a mature follicle. A sharp decline, and then an increase in temperature measured rectally may be an echo incoming ovulation. But all these methods are imperfect and do not provide a 100% guarantee. Most accurate diagnosis can be called studies carried out using ultrasound radiation.

On what day after menstruation does ovulation occur?

Let's still figure out what day after menstruation ovulation occurs. Let's take the standard 28-day menstrual cycle as a basis. When dividing in half, we get the 14th day, from which we should start. After menstruation, a mature egg leaves the follicle in search of sperm. If we take into account that the life span of a sperm is no more than three days, in some cases up to a week, and the egg is ready to wait only 12-24 hours for a meeting, then the number of “dangerous” days is at most equal to a week.

When answering the question about what day ovulation occurs, it is worth highlighting the main points:

The menstrual cycle is calculated from the first day of menstruation of the previous month until the first day of menstruation of the next month;

Ovulation occurs exactly in the middle of the cycle or may shift by 1-2 days;

The absence of ovulation may be due to a number of reasons, which must be diagnosed under the supervision of qualified specialists;

If you should immediately contact an antenatal clinic.