Bones

Sequence of cutting. The order (scheme) of eruption of baby teeth in children. Timing of teething

Most moms and dads believe that molars are permanent teeth that are replaced.

In fact, molars are both temporary and permanent.

The first inhabitants of the oral cavity

Therefore, there is no need to worry too much if the tooth erupts early or a little later than expected. But it is worth paying attention to the order in which the teeth erupted and fell out, since there is still an approximate order in which the teeth appear.

Signs of the appearance of molars

The eruption of molars in children is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms. As a rule, it is the first molars that cause the most trouble for a child.

He experiences painful sensations, becomes capricious and irritable, sleeps poorly, refuses to eat, or, on the contrary, often demands the breast.

The gums at the site of eruption swell and itch, the child tries to put everything into his mouth. A special one, as well as wiping the gums with a bandage dipped in cool water, can help the child during this period. If prescribed by a doctor, the gums can be lubricated with an analgesic gel.

Teethers for babies

The process of eruption of molars usually lasts 2 months, during which time the baby experiences increased salivation.

To avoid irritation of the skin of the chin, it must be constantly wiped and lubricated with a protective cream. The child may develop a runny nose and a wet cough.

Moreover, temperature can appear not only when the first molars erupt, but also when permanent molars appear, when the child is from 9 to 12 years old.

This is understandable: when the gums become swollen, blood flow increases, and the body begins to synthesize biologically active substances, the main task of which is to eliminate swelling and eliminate pathology. In other words, the body reacts to the appearance of teeth as if it were a disease, resulting in an increase in temperature.

At high temperatures, the doctor may prescribe antipyretics based on Paracetamol or Ibuprofen to the child, which will also eliminate pain.

How permanent teeth erupt in children - timing and diagram

Dairy VS permanent

Many people think that only a permanent tooth has a root, and a temporary one does not, because of this it easily falls out. This opinion is wrong, everyone has both a root and nerves, and they have a more complex structure than permanent ones, so they are more difficult to treat.

Temporary teeth are less mineralized, they are smaller in size, have a bluish tint, are softer, and their roots are weaker. In addition, there are only 20 of them, while there are 32 permanent ones; if a person’s “wisdom” teeth have not erupted, then 28.

When the time comes for the temporary tooth to fall out, its root will resolve, and its crown either falls out on its own or is quickly and painlessly removed by the doctor.

Permanent molars - when do they appear?

A permanent dentition begins to appear from 5-6 years to 12-15 years, usually during this time all teeth emerge, although some teeth emerge only after 30, and some do not have them at all. They grow in the same order in which they fall out.

It is necessary to monitor the process of appearance of permanent molars; if they erupt 3 months later, this may indicate a serious pathology, for example, metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency or rickets.

This diagram of the eruption of permanent teeth in children is approximate. But the sequence of teeth appearance in the absence of pathology should be constant.

From the beginning, when the baby turns 6-7 years old, his first permanent molars (molars “six”) will erupt behind the entire deciduous row. They will appear in places where baby teeth never grew. Then the temporary teeth are replaced by permanent ones, in exactly the same order as they erupted.

First, two incisors are replaced on both jaws, then two more. After them, small molars (“fours”) or premolars erupt.

They change when the child is between 9 and 11 years old; the second premolars or “fives” should erupt before the age of 12. Until the age of 13, fangs erupt.

Following them, in an empty space at the end of the dentition, the second large molars (“sevens”) erupt. They change until they are 14 years old.

The last to erupt are the third molars, “eights” or “wisdom teeth”. For some, they appear before the age of 15, for others much later, for others they may not appear at all.

What are they like from the inside?

Permanent molars are divided into small (premolars) and large (molars). An adult has 8 small molars, located 4 above and below. Their main function is to crush and crush food.

They appear in place of lost baby molars. Premolars combine the features of large molars and canines.

They have the shape of a rectangle; on the chewing surface there are 2 tubercles separated by a fissure. The small molars of the upper jaw are similar in shape, but the first premolar is slightly larger than the second and has 2 roots, while the second has only one root.

The lower premolars are round in shape, each of them has 1 root. They differ in size: the first premolar is slightly smaller.

Large molars grow behind the second premolars. There are only 12 of them, 6 pieces on both jaws. The biggest "sixes". The upper first and second molars have 3 roots each, the lower “sixes” and “sevens” have 2 roots.

The structure of the third upper and lower molars (“”) differs from each other both in shape and in the number of roots. Some people don't have them at all. Very rarely, as a rule among representatives of the eastern equatorial race, additional fourth molars are found.

Out of my head…

If a permanent tooth has hatched in place of a temporary tooth, and the baby tooth is not yet going to fall out, the doctor will advise you to remove it.

The appearance of a baby's first tooth is a touching event for most of us. Many nationalities have traditions of giving memorable gifts “for the first tooth.” Despite everyone's joy, the eruption of the first teeth is accompanied by pain, fever, diarrhea in the child and sleepless nights for the mother.

Experts say that a baby's first tooth should appear at six months. But the pattern of teething in a child under one year old is quite arbitrary, since the exact timing depends on heredity, the characteristics of pregnancy and the mother’s diet, even the quality of drinking water can affect the timing of the eruption of the first teeth.

That's why the teething diagram for children under 3 years of age is only a pediatric calculation, no guideline that specialists use in their work.

If teeth do not appear within the specified time frame, this may be a reason for additional examination.

However, it should be remembered that this diagram is an example. If a child’s first tooth erupts around 9 months, then the timing of the appearance of the remaining teeth will also shift. Quite often, teeth erupt in pairs; a child can have 4 teeth at the same time. Such massive eruption also affects the timing of their appearance.

The order in which teeth appear is also controversial. Nature often makes adjustments to the scheme drawn up by man, but By the age of three, a child should have all 20 baby teeth..

Symptoms

Young children cannot talk about their condition; mothers guess that there are problems by changes in their child’s behavior.

The first symptoms of teething in children appear long before the tooth reaches the surface, since it must first pass through the bone tissue and then the mucous membrane of the gums.

You can tell if your child is cutting a tooth by the following signs::

frequent mood swings, the child becomes capricious and cries a lot. This behavior of the baby is associated with itching in the cutting area and pain;
sleep problems and anxiety are also caused by the discomfort that the child experiences during this period;
loss of appetite or complete refusal to eat;
A breastfed baby eats more often at night. While sucking, he may bite the breast;
increased salivation, which can lead to a runny nose, cough or wheezing. When the baby lies down, saliva flows into the middle ear or throat, which leads to the appearance of these symptoms;
while awake, the child puts everything into his mouth;
When examining the oral cavity, you will notice that the gums are red and inflamed.

Enough Often when teething in children, the temperature rises and diarrhea appears. These signs are secondary, as the body reacts to gum inflammation.

It should be remembered that the temperature rises slightly. If the thermometer shows 39-40°C, then most likely this is not due to the appearance of teeth.

Parents should understand that if a child has completely lost his appetite, has a high fever, diarrhea and vomiting, then these are symptoms of some kind of disease. Even if you think that all this is related to teething, be sure to show your baby to the doctor.

Timing of baby teeth eruption

Based on the observations of pediatricians, children’s teeth usually appear in the following order:

1. Central incisors. The lower ones appear at 6-10 months, the upper ones at 7-12 months.
2. Lateral incisors. The lower ones - at 7-16 months, the upper ones - at 9-12 months.
3. Fangs. Lower - at 16-23 months. Upper - at 16-22 months.
4. First molars. Lower ones - at 12-18 months. Upper ones - at 13-19.
5. Second molars. Lower - at 20-31 months. Upper - at 25-33 months.

The timing of teething is a rather arbitrary concept.. Experts note that by the age of one year a child should have at least one tooth. If it never appears, then this can also be considered normal in the absence of rickets or other diseases.

Despite the fact that each child is individual, the timing and order of teething should still be monitored, primarily because this process is directly related to the health and development of the baby.

The order in which the teeth appear is also the subject of much debate. Different children may erupt teeth differently.

However, there are certain rules that remain the same during teething for all children. One of them is “pairing”. This means that teeth of the same name will grow at the same time.

For example, the right upper incisor will appear together with the left one, and sometimes four teeth can erupt at once - on the upper and lower jaw. In this case, the teeth located on the lower jaw will appear on the surface first, and only then the upper ones. The exception is the lateral incisors. They grow in the reverse order, with the upper teeth erupting first and then the lower teeth.

How to help your child

Children experience the process of teeth appearing differently, but they all need increased parental attention at this time. A mother can help her child with her affection and warmth, but the following methods will also be effective:

the use of special toys - “teethers”. They are made of plastic or rubber. There are varieties of teethers with water inside, they must be stored in the refrigerator. The baby feels better if he bites a cooled object. Often, clean cloth napkins, pre-chilled in the refrigerator, are used for the same purposes;
gum massage. Our grandmothers believed that it was necessary to irritate the gums with a spoon or a piece of refined sugar. Such help often turned into even bigger problems: irritated gums were easily damaged, inflammatory processes began in them, and the baby’s temperature rose. If you want to ease your child’s condition, you can wrap your finger in several layers of gauze and moisten it in cool water, and then gently massage the child’s gums with this swab;
use of special medications. Your pediatrician may prescribe a medicine based on herbal ingredients or recommend gels with a local anesthetic. All these remedies significantly alleviate the baby’s condition, but they are still medications, so they must be used with extreme caution.

When a baby is constantly naughty, many people lose their nerve.

But parents must understand that the baby also suffers. Therefore, you just need to survive the period of teething. Hold your child in your arms more often, talk to him, play and go for walks. All this will allow the little man to switch from his own experiences, he will look at new and unusual objects with interest and will temporarily forget about his teeth that are bothering him.

As noted above, by the age of three, a child has 20 baby teeth. At the age of 6-7 years, they are replaced with permanent (molar) teeth, and additional teeth appear, which are immediately erupted by permanent ones.

In total, an adult should normally have 32 permanent teeth. The eighth teeth, which we often call wisdom teeth, may appear after age 16 or may be missing altogether.

The pattern of eruption of permanent teeth in children is slightly different from the pattern of appearance of baby teeth. But the pairing rule still remains. When a permanent tooth begins to emerge, the milk tooth in its place falls out. Many parents believe that the lower incisors are the first teeth to appear, but this is far from true. E Even before the baby's baby teeth fall out, the baby's permanent teeth begin to emerge., this happens in the following sequence:

When a child reaches 6-7 years old, his first molars appear, also called sixes. They are located immediately after the second primary molar and are molars.
The replacement of the central incisors occurs after the loss of baby teeth;
The lateral incisors replace the primary incisors.
After the first primary molars fall out, the first premolars erupt in their place. This is the fourth tooth.
Then the deciduous fangs are replaced by permanent ones.
The fifth molars are called second premolars and appear in place of the second primary molars.
Teeth, called sevens, appear in children at approximately 11-13 years of age. These are the second molars, they appear permanent immediately.

Just like baby teeth, the first permanent teeth appear on the lower jaw, and only after that the teeth of the same name grow on top. The exception is premolars; their cutting occurs in the reverse order.

The most common misconceptions about teething

Quite often, young mothers listen to the advice of mothers and grandmothers when caring for their children. Some of them are really useful, but there are also recommendations that are based on superstitions and prejudices. The most common misconceptions about teething are:

All children's teeth grow in the same order and at the same time. As has been said more than once above, each child is unique. If he does not have any serious illnesses or injuries, then teeth will appear sooner or later. Don’t panic if your child has only grown one tooth so far, but the neighbor’s boy already has 6. This means that nature ordered it this way, and you can’t argue with it;
high temperatures always appear during teething. By about 6 months of life, the child uses up the supply of antibodies received from the mother. Since the body has not yet developed its own, the protection against viruses and infections is greatly weakened. The process of teeth appearing does not provoke an increase in body temperature; this occurs due to inflammatory processes that may appear at this time. Therefore, you need to urgently consult a doctor and begin adequate treatment;
Using a pacifier during teething will ruin your bite. This statement would be true if we were talking about permanent teeth. But they begin to appear after 6 years, and by this time children have already weaned themselves from sucking nipples and fingers. The pacifier does not have any effect on the condition of baby teeth.

Another misconception is that baby teeth do not need care or treatment. You can often hear that baby teeth don’t hurt, but there’s no point in treating them—they’ll fall out anyway. But you need to teach your baby to take care of his teeth at this age. Indifference to the condition of the oral cavity can lead to pathological processes damaging the rudiments of permanent teeth.

Teething in children is a long process that is accompanied by certain symptoms. Even at the stage of formation of the child in the mother's womb, their development occurs. However, at first, the teeth are hidden under the gums. Soon after the baby is born, they begin to grow. Until what age do children’s milk teeth erupt, the order of their eruption and their replacement with permanent teeth are questions that young mothers face.

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When do teeth start teething?

Babies' first teeth appear at the 6th month of life. There are times when they can grow at different times. It depends on the following factors:

hereditary predisposition;
health status;
the amount of calcium that enters the body;
climate;

It is worth noting that teeth erupt earlier in girls or in babies who live in hot climates. There are also deviations from the norm. If a child’s teeth begin to come out very early at 3-5 months, then they are considered premature, and after 7 months - late. Rarely, children are born with teeth, or they erupt in the 1st month after birth. This often prevents the baby from drinking breast milk. The structure of the teeth is unreliable: they are weak, soft and wear out quickly. In this case, a diagnosis is carried out to determine whether they should be pulled out. Removal takes place under anesthesia. An experienced dentist will help you make the right decision.

If a baby is born into a family with baby teeth, experts advise immediately undergoing a genetic examination to establish the reason for the appearance of early “guests”. According to research, the main factors in their formation are heredity and excess calcium in the body.

The appearance of the first milk teeth

Children's teeth, the order of eruption of which corresponds to the above scheme, appear at a specific age. The table below will help you track the periods of their emergence.

Age in months	What teeth appear
	Lower central incisors
	Upper central incisors
	Upper lateral incisors
	Lower lateral incisors
	Upper and lower first molars
	Canines from upper to lower
	Second molars

Sometimes the sequence of appearance of teeth is disrupted. However, pediatricians agree that the lower incisors will certainly erupt first. How long it takes for each tooth to come out, in turn, depends on individual characteristics.

How many should there be?

Now let’s look at how many years it takes to start teething. Children have a full set of baby teeth by age 3. At this time, the baby should have 20 of them. Eight of them appear when the baby is one year old. After six months, 4 more teeth erupt, to which the same number is added after 2 months. The last fangs emerge when the baby reaches 2 years of age. If his teeth have not stopped coming in at the age of 3, there may be some kind of health problem.

What symptoms are present?

Every child who begins the process of growth of organs located in the alveolar process of the jaw is faced with eruption syndrome. You can find out that a child’s first teeth have begun to appear by the accompanying ailments. Among the symptoms in infants that Komarovsky and other pediatricians described are:

swelling and redness of the gums;
itching and pain in the area of irritation;
increased production of saliva;
the appearance of a sour smell from the mouth;
swelling in the cheek area;
lymphadenitis - inflammation of the lymph nodes (ICD code - according to the international classification of diseases - I88).

While the teeth are teething, the baby’s behavior changes. If previously the child behaved calmly, then during this period he is constantly in a capricious and irritable mood. How quickly relief comes depends on how the parent helps teething. In this case, the emerging tooth can come out slowly or grow in just a day.

While a child is teething, you might think that he is sick. This is due to the fact that the process of their appearance in babies under one year of age may be accompanied by a runny nose or diarrhea. At the same time, it can rise.

Replacement with permanent ones

At four years of age, children change their baby teeth to permanent ones as the children begin to grow. The order and timing of tooth growth is shown in the graph below.

	Age, years	Classification of teeth that change or appear
		Central incisor
		Lateral incisor, 1st molar
		Canines, premolars
		2nd molar
		1st molar
		Central incisor
		Lateral incisor
		Premolars, canines
		2nd molar

Thus, baby teeth begin to fall out at age 4 and are completely replaced by permanent teeth by age 15. This process is not so painful. If the child does not complain of discomfort, there is no need for pain relief.

It is worth noting that when teeth change, their number increases to 32.

Could there be complications?

When teeth appear, complications may arise. This is not only early or late cutting, but also a number of such deviations from the norm:

damage to the enamel, accompanied by the formation of grooves on it. A 10-month-old child can be affected by this disease;
inflammation and purulent formations on the gums;
the rudiments of teeth are formed outside the arch of the dentition;
malocclusion;
the formation of ulcers on the soft tissues of the oral cavity.

More often, such complications are the result of maternal illness during pregnancy or improper oral care in newborns.

You can also learn about the difficulties of teething in children from the video channel “All Yours” from an interview with dentist Daria Vasilyeva.

How to help your child

Most children have a difficult time with the formation of their first teeth. What to do in this case, it is better to ask your doctor. However, there are measures you can take on your own.

If the child experiences discomfort and pain, it is necessary to help him. To make him feel better, you need to take the following measures:

With well-washed hands, children’s gums are massaged so as not to injure them;
the child is given a teething toy, which can speed up and facilitate the eruption of the teeth;
Applying cold objects to the gums relieves signs of itching and pain.

If we talk about medicines that can relieve pain, the following ointments are most often used:

Cholisal - 300 rubles Kalgel - 346 rubles Dentol baby - 420 rub.

Their main effect is pain relief.

A calendar of teeth coming out and falling out will help young mothers constantly monitor their condition. During the period of growing up, parents should make it a rule to take care of the oral hygiene of their infants. Only in this case will they be able to alleviate the painful condition, regardless of how many days the children’s teeth will come out.

It is worth paying attention to one of the Russian traditions. She is as popular now as ever. According to it, children are given silver spoons for their first tooth. The spoon must touch the first tooth three times for the silver to transfer its force to the remaining teeth. According to legend, this can make them stronger and healthier.

Teeth numbering is a generally accepted scheme for the structure of the lower/upper dentition, indicating the serial number of the teeth and their location. During therapeutic or surgical treatment by a dentist, all information regarding the course of therapy and the treatment measures taken is recorded using a standard numbering scheme - this makes the doctor’s work easier and makes it easier to navigate the records of other specialists.

Knowing the numbers of baby and molar teeth is necessary not only for dentists, but also for parents of children. If a mother understands the structure of the dentition and is oriented in the serial numbers of various dental groups, it is easier for her to perceive the information that she will have to encounter already in the first year of the baby’s life, when he begins to develop.

How many baby teeth does a child have?

The first baby teeth appear in children aged 5-8 months. In rare cases, a tooth can erupt at 2-3 months, as well as during the neonatal period. In premature infants, as well as children with metabolic disorders and genetic predisposition, the first teeth may appear around 10-12 months. Late teething can be considered a variant of the norm if the child does not have signs of rickets - a systemic disease in which the transport of calcium and phosphorus to the bone and other tissues of the child’s body is disrupted and these elements are no longer absorbed in the volumes necessary for the healthy functioning and growth of the musculoskeletal system. Rickets in childhood can lead to increased fragility of bones and their destruction (osteoporosis), therefore, if by the age of one year the baby has not developed a single tooth, you should consult a doctor.

In total, a child should have 20 milk teeth - in the absence of pathologies and metabolic disorders, this occurs before the age of 2.5-3 years. Medicine knows of cases where at one and a half years old children had 18-19 teeth in their mouths. This may also be a variant of the individual norm if pathologies of the development of the maxillofacial skeleton are excluded.

Diagram of baby teeth in a child - upper and lower jaws

Numbering of non-permanent teeth

The first to erupt are usually the central incisors, which have serial number No. 1 (2 each on the lower and upper alveolar process). These teeth erupt quite painfully, so during this period the child may become restless and capricious. The first signs of the imminent appearance of central incisors usually appear 2-4 weeks in advance, so parents have time to prepare and purchase (for example, special teethers, cooling gels and analgesic drugs intended for topical application).

After about a month, the baby's lateral incisors begin to emerge, which are located on the left and right sides of the central teeth. They have serial number No. 2 and appear at the age of 7-9 months. The appearance of lateral incisors before the age of one is considered the norm, but in some children these teeth emerge only by the age of one and a half years. If the child does not have pathologies in the formation of the jaw, there is nothing to worry about.

Note! If the child is already one and a half years old, he should have eight teeth (4 central incisors and 4 lateral incisors). These teeth are necessary for biting food and tearing it into small pieces. After the child has cut through at least 2-3 incisors, he can be given solid food: fresh apples and carrots, crackers, crackers, biscuits and baby cookies.

Video: Numbering baby teeth

What teeth appear after a year?

The third in the scheme of milk teeth are the fangs. These are teeth located on the side of the lateral incisors and completing the frontal (central) dental group. They are several millimeters longer than the central and lateral incisors and have a cone shape.

The structure of the fangs is more dense and thickened, therefore the main functions of these teeth are:

tearing food;
food retention;
mechanical grinding into pieces.

Despite the fact that the canines have a serial number of 3, they erupt later than the chewing teeth, which close the dentition. In most children, canines appear at the age of 18-20 months, but the situation when triplets appear only by the age of two is also considered normal. Primary fangs fall out at the age of 9-12 years - during this period, the closing part of the upper and lower dentition changes, and the child grows molars and molars.

Molars (teeth designed for grinding, grinding and chewing food) are the last baby teeth and have serial numbers No. 4 and No. 5. In total, the child has 8 molars - 4 on each jaw. The last of them may appear by 2.5 years, but in most children they appear before the age of two. Their appearance does not cause severe discomfort to the child and passes with a low degree of pain, but some children may complain of moderate pain while chewing solid food and brushing their teeth.

Important! Young children's canine teeth erupt at the location of the optic nerves, so about 10% of children may experience pain in the eye sockets and increased eye strain. During this period, parents are advised to limit the time they watch TV and avoid spending long periods in front of a computer monitor, so as not to create additional strain on the eyes.

Table. Scheme of non-permanent teeth with serial numbers.

Serial number	Name	Age of eruption	At what age do they change
1	Front cutter (4 pieces)	6-10 months	6-8 years
2	Lateral cutter (4 pieces)	7-10 months	7-9 years
3	Fangs (4 pieces)	1.5-2 years	9-12 years
4	First molar (4 pieces)	1-1.5 years	9-11 years
5	Second molar (4 pieces)	1.5-2.5 years	10-12 years

Molars in children: numbering

The number of permanent teeth in children increases by 8 pieces. After a change in the dentition (this happens between the ages of 7 and 12 years), 4 more teeth grow on each jaw, which are called the first and second large molars. These teeth have serial numbers 6 and 7. The teeth that grow in place of the first and second primary molars retain their serial number (4 and 5), but change their name: molars four and five are called small molars (another name is premolars).

Fact! A twelve-year-old boy should have 14 permanent teeth in any row (28 teeth in total).

Why not 32?

80% of adults have 32 teeth. This number is considered the physiological norm, since 32 tooth buds are formed in the fetus during intrauterine development. The upper/lower dentition is closed by the third molars, which have a serial number of 8. These teeth are popularly called “wisdom teeth” because they often erupt in adulthood. The norm is the appearance of “eights” in the period from 17 to 35 years, but in some people the third molars may not erupt at all or may not emerge in full (for example, 1-2 teeth out of four).

The eruption of these teeth is quite painful and is often accompanied by inflammatory processes. In some cases, a person may need to take potent antibacterial drugs (mainly from the group of semisynthetic penicillins or macrolides). In case of complex intertwined roots or other complicated cases, third molars can be removed under general anesthesia.

The number of teeth a child has depends on his age and living conditions (nutrition, climate, ecology, social conditions). The physiological factor is also of great importance. Knowing the pattern of appearance of baby and molar teeth in a child will help to better navigate the ongoing processes and notice deviations from existing norms in time, so parents should have this information and know how to use it. read our article for details.

All parents eagerly await the appearance of the first incisors. This is an important life stage for boys and girls. It is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, pain and moodiness. You can find out when children start teething normally, what is the reason for the delays and how to help your baby cope with discomfort in our article.

From this article you will learn

When teeth start cutting

The first incisors appear between 4 and 7 months of age. The pattern of teething in children is approximately the same, but the timing is different. Some babies remain toothless for up to a year, but then quickly catch up with their peers. And others already by 6–8 months become the owners of 2–4 teeth.

The process of formation of the milk chewing apparatus ends by 3 years. By this time the baby should have 20 teeth. If there are minor delays in the appearance of the first incisors, then there is no need to worry. If by the age of one and a half years there are no signs of their eruption, seek help and advice from a doctor.

Symptoms

Teething in babies is a natural process. This age period is perceived by mothers as the most difficult. The small organism malfunctions, the baby experiences constant discomfort.

It is easy to recognize that a baby is cutting its first teeth by the following accompanying signs:

Increased salivation. It begins 1–2 months before the appearance of the incisors.
The desire to scratch the gums, chew something. , toys, diapers. He chews everything he can get his hands on with pleasure and calms down. This sign is common to all children.
Increased nervousness, moodiness. The baby cries, tugs, and feels his gums.
Sleep disorders. Babies 3–6 months old wake up at night, are poorly rocked, and do not let the bottle or breast out of their mouth. In rare cases, newborn toddlers may cry all night and day long. Don’t worry, the child is in severe pain, the tooth will appear soon.
Lack of appetite, complete refusal to eat. It is observed at the stage of active tooth eruption. Hunger strike or weak appetite lasts 2-3 days.
The lymph node behind the ears is inflamed. The bump does not pose a threat to the baby. To rule out the disease, get tested, check the level of leukocytes and lymphocytes.
Swelling, swelling of the gums. Redness and swelling are observed at the site of the future tooth. The remaining parts of the gums are calm.
. Hyperthermia manifests itself in different ways. In some infants, the temperature rises by 1–1.5 degrees, in others it goes off scale – up to 39–40°C, lasting from one to three days. Important! If your baby has a high temperature for four or more days, the gums are completely swollen, there is diarrhea, or skin irritation, consult a doctor. Perhaps the cause of the discomfort was not the teeth, but an infection.
Runny nose, mild wet cough. These signs of teething are triggered by copious amounts of saliva. They have nothing to do with colds.
Diarrhea. Weak loose stools are observed for one to two days. Your stomach may hurt.
Irritation on the skin of the face and chest. Red spots and itching of the epidermis are provoked by children's saliva, which gets on the chin, cheeks, and neck.

This is interesting! Increased salivation saves the baby from some discomfort during teething. Saliva has an antibacterial and analgesic effect. If the incisors appeared unaccompanied by a large amount of moisture in the mouth, then the kids would experience much more discomfort.

Possible reasons for the delay

It worries parents and pediatricians. The reasons for delays in the formation of the masticatory apparatus are the following factors:

Calcium deficiency. At one year of age, children with rickets have no milk teeth. Calcium may not be absorbed due to disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolic disorders.
Heredity. If one or both parents developed incisors late, their children will inherit the same feature. There is no way to speed up the natural process.
Edentia. There are no tooth primordia in the jaw. Adentia can be complete or partial. You can see how many tooth germs there are in the jaw using an x-ray. The procedure is prescribed by a dentist.
Hormonal disorders. Malfunctions of the thyroid gland shift the timing of a baby’s development.
Infectious diseases at an early age. Past illnesses affect the body’s supply of necessary vitamins and minerals and disrupt the rhythm of development.
Prematurity. In children born prematurely, all physiological processes are often delayed by one to two months.

Teething order

Baby teeth should emerge in a pattern determined by nature. The timing varies greatly. We present the average age indicator for the formation of the masticatory apparatus, which is accepted by pediatricians. The normal sequence should look like this:

Central incisors - 4 teeth. First, the 2 lower ones come out - from the 6th to the 10th month, then the 2 upper ones - from the 7th to the 12th month.
Lateral incisors - 4 teeth. By the 9th–12th month, 2 upper incisors appear, by the 7th–16th month, 2 lower ones.
Fangs - 4 teeth. They usually grow almost simultaneously from the 16th to the 23rd month.
First molars - 4 teeth. The bottom erupts from the 12th to the 18th month, the top - from the 13th to the 19th month.
Second molars - 4 teeth. Last baby teeth. The lower ones appear at the end of the baby’s second year of life - up to the 31st month, the upper ones - from the 25th to the 31st month.

To track how children's teeth grow according to the schedule, use the picture. Print out the calendar and hang it in a visible place, noting the incisors that have already appeared.

Print the calendar in large format (click on the image to enlarge) and fill it out with your child:

Scheme of eruption of permanent teeth

Children acquire a full permanent set of teeth by the age of 12–15 years. Teeth begin to renew in older preschool age, at 5–6 years. But first, “sixes” will come out in the place where there were no milk teeth. These are called first molars and will be replaced by premolars after age 10. “Sixes” fill the gap in the jaw before the first baby teeth fall out.

The remaining baby teeth will emerge in the following sequence, shown in the table:

№	What teeth are coming through?	Child's age, years
1.	Central lower incisors	6–7
2.	Central upper incisors	7–8
3.	Bottom twos	7–8
4.	Upper lateral incisors	8–9
5.	Lower canines	9–10
6.	Upper canines	11–12
7.	First upper premolars	10–11
8.	First lower premolars	10–12
9.	Upper second premolars	10–12
10.	Second lower premolars	11–12
11.	Second lower molars	11–13
12.	Upper second molars	12–13
13.	Third upper and lower molars	17 and older

A graphic diagram will help you understand the order of formation of a permanent bite:

The baby's body's reaction to the first teeth

When children are teething, there is nervousness, fuss and confusion in the house. In an instant, the baby turns from an easy-going and smiling angel into a whiny and irritable one. At the age of six months, a child’s body experiences a lot of stress, and for the first time the baby encounters constant pain, itching, and discomfort in the mouth.

During this difficult period, parents need to be patient. Take the advice of Dr. Komarovsky: “Give all your love to the baby, pick him up more often, warm him with your warmth, kiss him, hug him. Feeling the support, affection and understanding of your parents will make the process of cutting your first teeth less stressful.”

And here is Dr. Komarovsky’s full video on this topic:

In order to properly help a child survive a difficult stage, parents need to understand the cause of whims, snot, cough, diarrhea and other external manifestations of malfunctions in the body. Let's look at each problem separately.

Increased salivation

It occurs due to the active work of the salivary glands during the preparation of the gums for the appearance of the first incisors. Excess moisture in the mouth plays a huge role in protecting the oral cavity from infections; it contains immune cells.

At the moment of teething, the child’s body weakens, the baby puts his hands and any objects into his mouth, and saliva can kill viruses and microorganisms dangerous to health. More often, salivation returns to normal after the appearance of the first 2–4 incisors, when the child is already stronger.

Runny nose

It is provoked by bacteria and viruses, which the infant’s body cannot fully resist during this period. Snot appears due to excess saliva. It enters the middle ear and flows down the nasal passages. Congestion and sneezing are first noticed a few days before the incisor appears and disappear immediately after the edge of the tooth emerges from the gums.

Coughing

The airways become clogged with copious amounts of saliva. The child cannot swallow it quickly, so he is forced to cough and may sneeze. If saliva gets into the nasopharynx and accumulates there, the parents will hear soft wheezing in the baby’s chest.

If the cough is not caused by ARVI, it appears at night. During sleep, the baby is in a horizontal position, and it is difficult for saliva to flow down the throat on its own. The baby coughs up excess moisture every 15-30 minutes as a reflex. The symptom does not require treatment.

Important! If the cough is severe, accompanied by wheezing, high fever, or rash, consult a doctor and get tested.

Diarrhea or constipation

The baby's stomach reacts violently to any changes in diet, drinking habits, and rest. Diarrhea at the time of teething is provoked by excessive saliva, stress, and sleep disturbances. at this moment they occur much less frequently.

It is important not to confuse disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract due to the appearance of teeth and poisoning. Normally, the stool does not change globally, diarrhea lasts from 24 to 72 hours, the stool will not be too liquid.

Vomiting, nausea

Very rare. It is provoked by excess saliva and cough. If the baby vomits frequently and there is severe diarrhea, then we are talking about poisoning or gastrointestinal diseases. In this case, you need to seek medical help.

Swelling of the gums

Parents can see swelling in the baby's mouth and feel it to the touch. When examining the oral cavity with the naked eye, a small bump on the gum is noticeable and is easy to feel. It is in this place that the tooth will soon appear.

Sometimes a small blood clot forms on or near the tubercle, and the vessel is ruptured by the erupting tooth. After one or two days, the gums will turn blue and a hematoma will form. This is considered the norm.

Swelling of the gums is accompanied by pain and itching. Pustules appear in the mouth if an infection gets into the cavity, the baby is injured by the sharp edges of toys, or nails when scratching the gums. In this case, the entire oral cavity will swell.

Decreased appetite

The baby may refuse to eat at all or eat very poorly. There is no need to insist. The child's body is busy with the formation of the chewing apparatus. Eating and digesting take away energy. When everything is over, the baby will definitely make up for the lack of nutrients.

Fever

Due to teeth, infants have a temperature of no more than three days, the body heats up to 38.5°C. This is due to inflammatory processes on the gums and infection in open wounds in the mouth. Relief occurs immediately after the tooth comes out.

Temperatures rarely rise to 39–40 degrees. Such indicators are usually recorded in weakened children who often suffer from colds.

If hyperthermia continues for more than three days, the increase is significant, you need to consult a doctor. Most likely, this symptom has nothing to do with teeth.

Skin rash

The epidermis is irritated on the lower part of the face, chest, neck, and arms. The rash is caused by saliva. It gets on open parts, the active secretion corrodes the delicate skin. The epidermis on the fingers becomes inflamed when the child puts them behind the cheek to scratch the sore spot or bites them with the gums.

The irritated areas itch, tingle, and the integrity of the skin is compromised, which causes additional discomfort for the baby.

Irritability, moodiness

The reason lies in general malaise, fatigue, and painful sensations in the mouth. The gums are rich in nerve endings, so swelling and teething are felt clearly and sharply by the baby.

Improvement in the condition occurs immediately after the gum ruptures at the top of the tooth. The baby stops being capricious, begins to smile, eat, and sleep soundly.

Desire to gnaw, bite

Even one-year-old babies try to scratch their sore gums at the moment of cutting in another tooth, and even more so for six-month-old babies. The gums hurt, itch, and may increase in size due to swelling. If the baby chews on something hard, the pain subsides and temporary peace sets in.

For these purposes, babies use any objects, including their own hands. It is very important for parents to monitor their baby at such moments. Plastic toys with sharp edges can hurt your gums, and your hands are full of harmful bacteria.

The body's reaction to the eruption of baby teeth is different for all children. If your baby is lucky, the first front incisor will come out asymptomatically, without causing concern to parents and child.

Use of Medicines

Modern pharmacies sell a lot of products to help babies teething. These are gels, ointments, sprays, drops. They have an anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect, relieve itching and burning. With their help, the period of eruption of the first teeth is easier for children, but it will not be possible to completely relieve pain and anxiety.

The following tools are popular among parents and pediatricians (Important! The table can be scrolled left and right on mobile devices):

A drug	Properties	How to use	Contraindications
Gel "Cholisal"	Relieves inflammation, redness, and soothes gum pain.	Apply 2-3 times a day	Age up to one year. Intolerance to choline salicylate, cetalkonium chloride. Breast-feeding.
Gel "Kamistad Baby"	Fights germs, relieves pain, relieves redness in the mouth, swelling, heals wounds.	Apply to inflamed gums 3 times a day, no more than 5 mm per application.	Age up to 3 months. GV. Individual intolerance to lidocaine. Diseases of the kidneys, liver, heart. Increased blood pressure.
Drops, gel "Dentinox"	Pain reliever.	Apply to gums 3 times a day.	Allergies
Homeopathic gel “Baby Doctor. First teeth"	Anti-inflammatory, analgesic.	Apply to sore gums and inner cheeks every day as needed.	Individual intolerance
"Kalgel"	It has antifungal, analgesic, and antiseptic effects.	Apply up to 6 times a day. After the last application, you need to wait 20-30 minutes, then you can use it again.	Kidney, heart, liver failure. High blood pressure.
Drops "Dantinorm Baby"	Anesthetizes gums, disinfects the oral cavity, reduces inflammation.	Take 1 ml of the drug between meals no more than 3 times a day.	Age up to 3 months. Individual intolerance.
Gel, cream "Solcoseryl"	Heals wounds, relieves inflammation.	Apply 1-2 times a day to affected areas of the mouth.	Tendency to allergies. Individual intolerance.

Important! Homeopathic remedies are considered to be effective, safe, inexpensive medicines for young children. But do not forget that they are made from natural herbs, plant extracts, and oils. It is dangerous to use them for babies prone to allergies.

In addition to discomfort in the mouth, itching, the child may be bothered by high fever and headache. In this case, use antipyretics:

"Panadol"
Paracetamol for children
Ibuprofen
"Viferon"
"Nurofen"

For infants up to one year old, buy suspensions and suppositories; older children can be given a tablet by dissolving it in water. These remedies combine several properties: they lower the temperature, relieve headaches, and pain in the mouth. The effect lasts for at least 6–8 hours. Calculate the dosage according to the instructions for the drug, taking into account the age and weight of the baby.

Folk remedies

Grandmother’s recipes at home help alleviate the condition of children:

Massage. The swollen gum should be massaged with a finger wrapped in clean, damp gauze. Or dip it in hydrogen peroxide or chamomile decoction. Massage acts as a sedative.
Exposure to cold. Cool the pacifier, pacifier, spoon in the refrigerator. Let your child chew. Cold objects soothe gums and relieve pain. The eruption site will become less swollen.
Herbal decoctions. To stabilize the psychological state, you can use chamomile tea, infusion of valerian root, and motherwort. Let your child drink 100 ml decoctions 3-4 times a day.
Rubbing with soda solution. 1 tsp. Dissolve baking soda in a glass of water. Wet a bandage with the solution and wipe the reddened gums. This method helps to disinfect the cavity and relieve swelling.
Honey. Apply a small amount of honey to your gums. It will relieve inflammation and the pain will subside.
Roots of strawberry, chicory. Invite your child to chew on the peeled roots. Massage movements will calm the baby and relieve pain.
Increasing the amount of fluid you drink. Let your child drink water, juices, milk. Diarrhea, vomiting, and refusal to eat provoke dehydration.

How to help your baby

When the baby is restless, cries, sleeps poorly and hardly eats because of pain, mothers are ready to make any sacrifice so that the child gets rid of discomfort. Infants are provided with special care, parents try to console the baby with games, persuasion, and affection. But this is not always effective.

Special teethers. Buy “rodents” of various shapes at the pharmacy. They are made of silicone and rubber. Sometimes filled with water to keep them cool. The child massages the gums, the pain subsides.
Pacifiers, bottles, pacifiers. The baby uses them as teethers and a means of relieving itching in the mouth. Make sure that the integrity of the pacifier is not damaged. An infant may choke on a piece of latex.
Gum massage. Gently, without pressing the cheek, stroke the swollen areas with your fingers. Before the procedure, wash your hands and wrap them in a bandage, soak them in chamomile decoction.
Finger brushes. Used to clean babies' first teeth. During the period when the incisors appear in front, they can be used as a means of massaging the gums.
Liquid food. Solid food can cause discomfort when chewing for a toddler. Replace main courses with soups and vegetable purees.

Common Misconceptions

All children's teeth should grow at the same time and in the same order. Condemning the baby for late teething and minor deviations in the sequence cause mothers a lot of trouble. There is no need to compare children. If your neighbors Vovka and Mashenka have two teeth at six months, and your Dima still has none, this does not indicate developmental pathologies. Every child is unique from birth.
When teething, a high temperature necessarily rises. It is important to understand why this happens. Hyperthermia occurs due to inflammation of the gums and infection of the baby. If the child’s immunity copes with the bacteria, the temperature will not rise.
Babies should not suck on pacifiers or bottles while their baby teeth are emerging. Supposedly this will ruin the bite. This statement is wrong. The pacifier does not affect the permanent bite if by the age of 6–7 years the child has weaned himself on thumb sucking and pacifier sucking.
There is no need to clean or treat baby teeth. When babies eat adult food, and not just mother’s milk or formula, and even toothless gums. Teach your child to good hygiene so that he does not have bad breath or caries, which transfers to permanent teeth from milk teeth.
You can get rid of swelling on the gums and runny nose with antihistamines. This is true if the snot and swelling in the mouth are caused by allergens. During teething, these symptoms have a different cause. The baby cannot be treated with antiallergic medications.

How to prevent dental problems

To prevent your child from being affected by diseases of baby teeth and permanent dentition, it is important to take some preventive measures:

Visit your dentist 2-3 times a year. A pediatric dentist will notice changes in dental tissue in time, tell you how children’s teeth grow, in what order, and will be able to recommend a toothpaste.
Protect your teeth from exposure to sugar and injury. Do not allow a child of any age to eat or drink a lot of sweets. Replace cookies, candy and soda with healthy foods. The exceptions are sweet fruits and natural juices.
Don't allow it. The appearance of new elements in the mouth is very interesting for babies. They grind their teeth, trying to figure out what it is. Grinding disrupts dental tissue.
Teach your child to take care of his teeth. Clean your mouth together, rinse with water after eating. Maintain good hygiene. The baby should clean the mouth and tongue twice a day.
Enrich your child's diet with vitamins and minerals. Pay special attention to dairy products, vegetables and fruits. The diet should include fish, seaweed, dried apricots, raisins, and cottage cheese.

Attention, affection, care and proper care of the baby will help you calmly wait for teething, endure pain and ailments. It is important that parents do not get nervous with their children and do not scold them for their whims.

The psychological state of others is quickly transmitted to the baby. If you can maintain stability and self-confidence, then the appearance of your first baby incisors will bring only joy to your family.

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