Organs

Sweat and the rest agree. How much sweat can the human body produce? Remedies for profuse sweating

Others - in connection with various diseases. Scientists They figured out a long time ago what sweat is hypotonic solution, 99% consisting of water. Also present in sweat: sodium chloride ( regular table salt), urea and ammonia.

Contains in smaller quantities: milk, lemon and ascorbic acid. And in minute quantities there are magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, uric acid and protein.
Protective function skin is realized by mixing sweat and fat from sebaceous glands. An invisible film is formed that protects the skin from harmful influences.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SWEAT

The chemical composition of human sweat contains Sodium Chloride 0.66-0.78%, Urea is 0.051%, Ammonia - from 0.011% to 0.012%.
The remaining chemicals are present in so-called “trace amounts”; an increase in their content in sweat indicates health problems.
One of the functions of the skin is excretory. Therefore, the composition of sweat is similar to chemical composition urine. This explains the fact that in case of kidney diseases, when they cannot normally filter and cleanse the blood of protein breakdown products (urea, uric acid, ammonia), the sweat begins to smell of either urine or ammonia.
In some people, chlorides are excreted excessively in sweat, which sometimes leads to a lack of the substance in the blood.
IN normal conditions the chemical composition of sweat is constant. Interestingly, different parts of the human body produce sweat. different composition. For example, we can take chlorides. Most of them are found in sweat, which is produced sweat glands neck, least of all - in the skin of the legs, thighs and back of the hands.

WHEN SHOULD YOU DO A SWEAT ANALYSIS FOR CHLORIDE?

An analysis of sweat chlorides is most often done in children if there is a suspicion of a disease with the complex name “cystic fibrosis”. With cystic fibrosis, the content of chlorides in sweat and saliva increases sharply.

When do pediatricians begin to suspect this disease? It all starts with infancy, because cystic fibrosis is hereditary disease. Persistent cough, difficult to clear sputum, frequent inflammations lungs - doctors should be alert.

This genetic malfunction is transmitted equally to both boys and girls; all organs that produce liquid secretions are affected: bile, saliva, sweat, mucus. These biological liquids become viscous, hence the symptoms of the disease. When the secretion of the pancreas thickens, its ducts become clogged, digestive processes are disrupted: abdominal pain and diarrhea may occur.

Development baby is coming slowly because the cells are not getting enough nutrients. This unusual illness also described as “salty kiss disease.” This is what her mother named her, who noticed that their child tasted salty when kissed. Salt may appear on the skin in the form of streaks of small crystals.

VOLATILES IN SWEAT

Volatile sweat pheromones are responsible for choosing a partner
Volatile substances in sweat determine its odor and therefore have important from an aesthetic point of view. During the multiplication and subsequent decomposition of bacteria, volatiles are formed fatty acid. They are responsible for the disgusting smell of old sweat (this smell is called osmidrosis).
In addition, sweat contains volatiles, which are not perceived as odor, but the human nose is able to catch them. They are called pheromones and play a big role in human choice sexual partner. Yes, yes, sometimes it turns out that the composition of your sweat attracts or repels members of the opposite sex.

IS SWEATING GOOD OR BAD?

Many people are concerned about the question - is sweating good or bad?.. But there is no definite answer to it, because sweating is a natural reaction of the body to physical and psychological (emotional) factors. Sweat cools us down in the heat and prevents the body from overheating during physical activity or synthetic clothing. In these cases, sweating certainly benefits the person.

But there is excessive sweating, when the secretion of sweat increases so much that it is impossible to shake a friend’s hand due to wet palms or clothes getting dirty and wet. Then, of course, life becomes not a joy, sometimes you have to change profession (most often with the palmar form of the disease, when objects slip out of sweaty hands). Neurosis, suspiciousness and anxiety may develop.
There are many different ways getting rid of excessive sweating - both medicinal and surgical.

There is nothing good in another variety increased sweating when it manifests itself as one of the symptoms of another disease (for example, tuberculosis, AIDS or cancer). In such cases, you need to start treatment as soon as possible terrible disease. The most important thing here is diagnosis, because a correct and timely diagnosis helps the doctor cure both the underlying disease and excessive sweating.

Oh sweating

Galina Lvova

If you smell sweat,
what a wonderful smell.

your cutie! do not snooze,
gene set - dad.

the call of nature rules the roost,
and the calculation here is accurate.

Significance of sweating according to traditions
Old Asian medicine

Perspiration– sweating plays an important role when judging the outcome -

To remove unnecessary substances from the body, every person needs to sweat. This process is a completely natural reaction to physical activity, high temperature air or strong excitement. Sometimes adults and children experience excessive and increased sweating, which signals certain diseases. If an adult or child often experiences profuse sweating, then you should consult a doctor who will prescribe treatment. There are many various reasons, which disrupts the normal functioning of the sweat glands. Find out why a person sweats below.

Causes of excessive sweating

In medicine, excessive sweat secretion from the internal sebaceous glands is called hyperhidrosis. This phenomenon is divided into several types:

Local hyperhidrosis (local) is distinguished by the fact that individual parts of the body are covered with perspiration: the face and head, forehead, armpits, back, feet, palms sweat heavily.
Generalized (diffuse) hyperhidrosis is perspiration throughout the body, simultaneous copious discharge sweat.

A common variety heavy sweating Acrogyperhidrosis is considered to be an increased level of sweat on the hands and feet. It is classified into plantar (feet sweat profusely and often) and palmar types. Excessive sweating is also divided into:

primary hyperhidrosis - it accompanies the stage of puberty;
secondary - the result of many different endocrine somatic, neurological diseases.

In men

For males, excessive sweating is a common problem. Women are less susceptible to such “tests”. If the apocrine sweat glands secrete too much fluid, this indicates a malfunction in the body. In such cases, men and women are practically equal. Sources of excess and increased sweating in representatives of the stronger sex are:

excess weight;
kidney disease;
genetic predisposition;
more high sweating in men it is often associated with infectious diseases (tuberculosis, pneumonia, malaria);
thyroid diseases;
diabetes;
Sometimes an adult man's head, palms, and neck sweat a lot, which is caused by strong nervous overexcitation;
to the emergence excessive sweating often leads to the use of medications with acetylsalicylic acid, insulin, pilocarpine;
compensatory hyperhidrosis – by-effect, reaction to sympathectomy (surgery to reduce sweating)

Heavy sweating in women

In women, malfunctions of the sebaceous glands also often occur. If we do not take into account the hereditary factor, menstruation, menopause and pregnancy, during which the production of secretions increases and the amount of sweat increases, then in all other cases we can talk about pathology. Excessive and increased sweating in women leads to following problems:

VSD ( vegetative-vascular dystonia);
heart diseases;
diabetes;
intoxication with alcohol, drugs, infectious poisoning;
hyperhidrosis may occur due to disorders endocrine system;
diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
profuse perspiration accompanies various infectious serious ailments;
oncology;
some medications.

At night while sleeping

For some people, sweat literally pours out like hail in their sleep. This may be due to the heat in the room or increased body temperature due to a cold, but in most cases, nocturnal hyperhidrosis is caused by the following reasons:

oncological diseases(often lymphoma);
AIDS, HIV infection;
heavy sweating is often caused by inflammatory process V bone tissue;
infections caused by bacteria;
tuberculosis;
an abscess is another cause of hyperhidrosis during sleep.

Severe sweating in a child

It's not just adults who suffer from excessive sweating. Disruption of the sebaceous glands also occurs in children. The main factors that lead to the appearance of hyperhidrosis are: childhood, are:

lymphatic diathesis;
lack of vitamin D in the body;
heart failure;
problems with the thyroid gland;
acute respiratory infections (acute respiratory diseases);
hereditary diseases (for example, cystic fibrosis);
use of certain types of medications.

Treatment of hyperhidrosis and excessive sweating

Many people are interested in how to treat hyperhidrosis and what methods are used for this. It is very difficult to prescribe therapy for increased sweating. The appearance of profuse perspiration may be caused by some kind of disease, so treatment will be prescribed taking into account the pathology found. After the patient has completed all necessary examinations the doctor determines how to cure hyperhidrosis and which method is more effective against it.

Laser

Today you can get rid of excessive sweating using a neodymium laser. This device can completely destroy the cells of the apocrine glands, removing them from skin Once and for all. Laser treatment of abnormal sweating is an effective method aimed against profuse sweating, without consequences or relapses of the disease. Treatment procedure against hyperhidrosis lasts 30 minutes under local anesthesia. The laser helps reduce sweat production by 90%.

Iontophoresis

Another a good option which will help get rid of heavy sweating is iontophoresis. The technique involves the use of electric current, which treats the problem area of the body in a solution with salt. The method is effective, gives a lasting result, but is only suitable for the treatment of hyperhidrosis of the feet and palms. If you purchase a special galvanic device to eliminate problems with strong sweating, then iontophoresis can be performed at home.

Remedies for profuse sweating

In addition to the above-described treatment options for excessive sweating, there are several more interesting and effective ways:

Antiperspirant is a type of cosmetic that perfectly fights heavy sweating. It is often used for the armpits. The most effective means from this category are “Dry Dry”, “Odaban”, “Maxim”.
Against hyperhidrosis, Botox and Dysport injections are often used, with the help of which the nerve endings of the apocrine glands are blocked. long time.
Medicines that are based on plant alkaloids - belladonna. They reduce secretion large quantity sweat, successfully preventing hyperhidrosis. In most cases, the doctor prescribes Bellaspon and Bellataminal tablets. Local therapy Excessive sweating is carried out using the Formidron solution and the Formagel preparation.
In some cases, sedatives are no less successful in treating excessive sweating in men and women. Among these are valerian and motherwort.

Folk remedies for sweat

Traditional medicine also applies to effective methods treatment of excessive sweating in humans. Here are a few good recipes that relieve hyperhidrosis:

Excellent results In the fight against hyperhidrosis, an infusion of birch buds will help. Alcohol tincture(1 to 10) it is necessary to wipe problem areas on the skin twice a day.
To reduce sweating lower limbs, can be used special bath. Pour oak bark (1 tablespoon) with water (1 liter). Boil for 5-10 minutes, leave for half an hour. Ten procedures should be enough to eliminate odor and heavy sweating.
For hands that often sweat, it is recommended to make a bath of ammonia with water (take 1 teaspoon of alcohol for 1 liter of water). After holding your palms in the solution for 10-15 minutes, you should wash them thoroughly, wipe them and apply powder. After this procedure, sweating on the hands will be significantly reduced.

Find out more about the signs and symptoms of the disease.

Video: what to do if your armpits sweat a lot

Sweating- this is normal physiological function human body, which regulates metabolism, supports water-salt balance, removes metabolic products from the body and participates in thermoregulation. People sweat more in summer months than in winter. In hot weather, for example, the blood flow in the vessels of the hands is 30 times more intense than in extreme cold. People living closer to the equator have more functional sweat glands than people living in cold climates.

Normally, sweating increases during exercise and at high temperatures. environment, when eating hot food and under stress. Women in menopause and girls sweat more during puberty. Also, profuse sweating can be observed in obese people.

Sweating provides protection and hydration of the skin - mixing with the secretion of the sebaceous glands, sweat forms a thin film of water-fat emulsion on the surface of the skin.

Types of sweating.

Thermoregulatory sweating– is of great importance for cooling when body temperature rises, physical activity or during emotional stress, stress. Speaking scientific language, our body supports constant temperature bodies through heat generation and heat transfer. Activity internal organs and skeletal muscles produce heat that needs to be released, otherwise the entire system is in danger of overheating, so excess heat is eliminated through the surface of the body, mainly through the evaporation of sweat. Evaporating from the surface of the skin, water passes from liquid state into gaseous form and absorbs energy. Thanks to this, the skin, and along with it our body, cools down.

Our heat and cold receptors are located in the skin and internal organs, and signals from them travel to the central nervous system along nerve fibers. Central thermosensitive fibers are located in spinal cord, brain stem and hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the main integrative center of thermosensory pathways. The function of the hypothalamus is to maintain body temperature at 37 degrees Celsius or at a higher level when the temperature rises. Depending on the required and available temperature level, either the thermogenesis (warming) mechanism is activated by muscle tremors and spasm of skin vessels, or heat transfer (cooling) through the release of sweat and dilation of skin vessels. IN real life this state Everyone knows that in the cold, tremors naturally develop in the muscles, the skin becomes dry, cool and pale. An arbitrary increase in temperature can be achieved in the cold by increased physical activity, up to the need to cool the body through sweating. Based on the pathophysiology of heat exchange, the method of warming by drinking alcohol is vicious. Thus, the dilation of skin vessels, although subjectively leads to warming, in fact contributes to further heat loss and cooling of the body. On the other hand, with elevated body temperature due to high ambient temperature or high muscle activity the body responds by secreting sweat and expanding blood vessels skin – the skin becomes moist, warm and red to the touch. Thermoregulation is a complex relationship between the rate of sweating and body and skin temperature. This also explains the large differences in sweating patterns between individuals.

Psychogenic sweating– occurs during emotional or mental stress and is not associated with the need to cool the body. Physiologically, it reflects a reaction to emotional processes associated with behavior and reaction to the world. However, in contrast to thermoregulatory sweating, in which the glands of the entire skin are activated, under stress, emotions and other stimuli, mainly the sweat glands located on the face, in the armpits, on the palms and plantar surfaces of the feet are activated. Moreover, stress leads to vasoconstriction (spasm of skin vessels), while thermoregulatory sweating is accompanied by vasodilation (dilation of skin vessels). Numerous studies show that excessive sweating in the armpits, feet and hands are indicators of stress. The sweat glands of these particular zones react to adrenaline with wet palms, legs, and armpits. Therefore, stabilizing your nervous system is a step towards overcoming excessive sweating.

Food sweating– observed when eating food at any temperature, intensifies when consuming spicy dishes rich in extractive substances, and alcohol. Compliance certain rules nutrition and drinking regime- This excellent tools against sweat. During the hot season, it is recommended to drink more clean and cool water, giving up strong tea and coffee. Drinking any drinks or foods containing caffeine stimulates sweating. Spicy, fried, fatty and smoked foods increase the unpleasant smell of sweat. These same products often lead to irritation and inflammation on skin that is damp from sweat.

Amount of sweat.

A healthy person sweats constantly, but with varying intensity. Even when the body is at rest and at low air temperatures, 500-700 ml of sweat is released per day, while some of the sweat glands do not work. But in the heat or during physical activity, sweat production increases - the glands are capable of producing up to 10 liters of fluid per day. In tropical climates, sweating can reach 12 liters per day. At ambient temperatures above 50C°, up to 2 liters of sweat can be released in 1 hour. At maximum functionality, the sweat glands can produce up to 3 liters of sweat per hour, which can lead to dehydration. During a lifetime, a person secretes about 20 thousand liters of sweat.

Sweating in women and men.

Women sweat less than men. Women, under the same loads as men, sweat 2 times less. Scientists have found that this is due to differences in the evolutionary process of both sexes. At the dawn of human development, the main activity of men was hunting, which required more activity. That is why nature decreed that a man’s ability to sweat should be higher than that of a woman, as this helps the body cool down faster after physical exertion. The second reason for increased sweating in men is the body weight factor - men themselves are larger than women, respectively, in them more water. Men's armpits often produce a more intense odor than women's because men's apocrine glands are more active.

The working principle of sweat glands.

The work of the sweat glands is regulated by the nervous system. Thermoreceptors of the skin, internal organs and muscles respond to high air temperature, intake of hot or spicy food and fluids, overheating of the body during heavy physical work, fever or emotional distress. The signal received from these receptors travels through complex neural pathways through the brain and finally reaches nerve fibers, which stimulate the secretion of sweat in the gland; in other words, a nerve impulse enters the sweat gland, causing its ducts to contract and release sweat. All this activity occurs without conscious human participation. He cannot force the sweat to flow in a stream or dry with the power of thought.

Location of sweat glands in the body.

Sweat glands are located in the middle layer of the skin - the dermis. The ducts of the sweat glands open on the surface of the skin and secrete a special secretion - sweat. Sweat glands are found in almost all areas of the skin. Their number reaches more than 2.5 million. The skin of the forehead, face, palms, soles, armpits and inguinal folds. In these places, over 300 glands open per 1 square cm of skin surface, while in other areas of the skin there are 120-200 glands.

Types of sweat glands.

There are two types of sweat glands - eccrine and apocrine. They produce sweat of various compositions.

Eccrine glands located throughout the body (75%) and are active from birth. Their main function is thermoregulatory, they regulate body temperature: when water evaporates, the surface of the skin cools and protects the body from overheating. The sweat they secrete is a light liquid containing salts and various toxins body. Eccrine glands produce a much larger volume of sweat compared to apocrine glands and the sweat they produce plays key role in keeping the body cool. Sweat produced by the eccrine glands is brought to the surface of the skin through special ducts and pores.

Apocrine glands(25%) are larger in size compared to eccrine ones and are found only in certain places of the skin, for example, in the armpits, forehead skin, genitals, perineum. They become active only during puberty and do not take part in thermoregulation. The secretion of apocrine glands is not released directly onto the surface of the skin, as in eccrine glands, but into the hair follicles. Apocrine glands produce sweat when we feel powerful emotions, stress, pain or performing physical exercise. Their secretory activity continues throughout life, physiologically fading with the onset of menopause. They secrete sticky milky looking a liquid containing fats, proteins, hormones and volatile fatty acids. The secretion of the apocrine glands is richer in organic substances, which, when decomposed on the surface of the skin, give it a special, pungent odor. It is believed that it is the apocrine glands that determine the individual smell of sweat. Their secretion has the ability to sexually influence the opposite sex, which is why apocrine glands are also called sexual scent glands.

Composition of sweat.

Sweat is a liquid complex composition. Sweat itself does not have a distinct odor (unless you overuse garlic, alcohol, or spices). Almost 99% of sweat consists of water, but also contains nitrogenous substances - urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia, which are formed in the body during the breakdown of proteins, as well as the amino acids serine and histidine, volatile fatty acids and their compounds, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, copper, manganese and iron ions, urocanic acid, glucose, vitamins, steroid hormones, histamine and several other organic substances. In total, about 250 are released from the surface of the skin. chemical substances, which make up the individual smell of human sweat.

The color of sweat.

Eccrine glands secrete a clear, colorless liquid, while apocrine glands secrete a whitish liquid. But sweat under the arms can also be colored: yellow, reddish, bluish or greenish. Sweat is colored by color-forming bacteria, as well as substances that arise from metabolic disorders or are taken orally. Color, for example, is affected by copper, iron or iodine introduced into the body. Ferrous phosphate turns sweat blue.

Different glands produce different sweat.

In a healthy person, the composition of sweat varies different areas skin. For example, on the neck it is more salty, but on the thighs, legs and back of the hands it is almost fresh. Sweat axillary glands contains more lipids and cholesterol, its pH ranges from 6.2-6.9, that is, close to neutral. The sweat of the eccrine glands is acidic: 3.8-5.6. The content of mineral and organic substances in sweat depends on the state of a person’s health and on what he eats. For example, if a person does not salt his food, his sweat will become less salty. Activity thyroid gland affects iodine content. With diabetes mellitus, the glucose content in sweat increases, and with liver diseases - bile acids. During intense physical activity, large amounts of lactic acid are released through sweat.

Sweat and personality.

Each person smells differently. Sweat contains antigens that correspond to a person's blood type. Therefore, sweat stains left on clothing can serve as evidence.

How does unpleasant odor appear under the arms?

The presence of sweat on the surface of the skin triggers the mechanism of odor formation. Apocrine gland sweat itself is odorless, but it contains relatively high amounts of lipids. The fatty and viscous liquid serves as a breeding ground for bacteria, most often staphylococci, which live on the surface of the skin, feed on softened proteins and fats, multiply in sweat and decompose organic matter sweat, as well as dying skin cells near the sweat glands. In the axillary region there are about 150 various types bacteria and every square centimeter The armpits are inhabited by millions of bacteria. As a result of their activity, unsaturated fatty acids and ammonia compounds are formed, which smell unpleasant. It is this smell that you have to fight, because sweat itself can be removed from the body with a damp cloth or by taking a shower. And if a person consumes a lot of spices, onions and garlic, then his sweat will smell even stronger. Unpleasant smell Some medications can also cause this, for example, drugs that contain sulfur.

Sweating performs the most important function protecting the body from overheating. Sweat glands are located over the entire surface of the body, their work is regulated sympathetic division autonomic nervous system. Intensity normal discharge fluids from the sweat glands different people not the same. Therefore, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) is discussed only in cases where excessive sweating causes constant discomfort, significantly reducing the quality of life.

Today we will talk about the conditions that cause hyperhidrosis.

Changes in the level of female sex hormones

Hyperhidrosis is often one of the manifestations of menopausal syndrome. A woman periodically experiences hot flashes to the face, neck and upper chest, accompanied by increased heart rate and sweating. This can happen at any time of the day or night. If attacks occur no more than 20 times a day, the situation is considered normal and does not require medical intervention. When hyperhidrosis is accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms (pain in the head or chest area, increased blood pressure, numbness of the hands, urinary incontinence, dry mucous membranes, etc.), the woman should consult a gynecologist regarding compensatory therapy.

Increased sweating of the whole body is also typical for the first two trimesters of pregnancy. It appears in the background hormonal changes and is considered normal. Hyperhidrosis in the third trimester is associated with an acceleration of metabolism, the accumulation of large amounts of fluid in the body or excess weight. Warning signs can be ammonia smell sweat discharge and the appearance of white marks on clothes, indicating impaired kidney function.

Source: depositphotos.com

Thyroid pathologies

Hyperhidrosis is one of the symptoms of abnormally high production of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). It occurs with the following diseases:

nodular toxic goiter;
Graves' disease (diffuse goiter);
subacute thyroiditis.

Increased sweating caused by malfunction thyroid gland, sometimes manifests itself in pituitary tumors. If hyperhidrosis is combined with sudden weight loss due to increased appetite, hand tremors, disturbances heart rate, irritability and anxiety, you should urgently consult an endocrinologist.

Source: depositphotos.com

Fluctuations in blood glucose levels

Excessive sweating often occurs with diabetes. In this case, it is associated with a violation of thermoregulation. Diabetes of any type leads to destruction nerve endings, as a result of which it becomes impossible to adequately transmit signals to sweat glands. In diabetics, hyperhidrosis primarily affects the upper half of the body: face, neck, chest and abdomen. Characteristic increased secretion liquids at night.

Hyperhidrosis may also indicate insufficient levels of glucose in the blood (hypoglycemia). In patients diabetes mellitus The cause of the problem is usually a violation of the diet or an overdose of glucose-lowering drugs medicines. Healthy people sometimes experience a lack of glucose after heavy physical activity. With hypoglycemia, cold, sticky sweat appears mainly on the back of the head and the back of the neck. The attack may be accompanied by dizziness, nausea, trembling and blurred vision. To quickly get rid of illness, you need to eat something sweet (banana, candy, etc.).

Source: depositphotos.com

Problems with the heart and blood vessels

Almost all diseases of cardio-vascular system to one degree or another accompanied by hyperhidrosis. Increased sweating is inherent in the following pathologies:

hypertonic disease;
atherosclerosis;
obliterating endarteritis;
angina pectoris;
transient ischemic attack;
vascular thrombosis.

In addition, sweat glands with increased load work in people suffering from pericarditis or myocarditis.

Sweating is the process of formation and secretion of uncolored liquid on the surface of the skin, which tastes salty. The role of sweating is extremely important for the normal functioning of the body's vital processes. The human sweat glands secrete a secretion (sweat) of liquid consistency onto the surface of the epidermis, the release of which to the outside through the pores is ensured by the internal water-salt metabolism, regulates metabolism and cools the body. Sweat renders positive impact on the skin. Together with it, harmful toxins and substances are removed, and through its evaporation the process of thermoregulation is carried out.

Compound

Now let's find out what the composition of sweat is. If you compose short list, then 98-99% of sweat is a colorless liquid consisting of water, the remaining 1-2% is distributed into salts, urea, nitrogenous compounds and other waste products. The sodium and potassium salt content gives sweat a salty taste. Subsequently, they contribute to the release of chlorides, which are involved in maintaining normal water balance. When dehydrated, the body loses moisture and their concentration increases. With vomiting and excessive sweating, on the contrary, they lose concentration and performance decreases.

Why is sweat analyzed for chlorides? The disease “cystic fibrosis” is often found in children; the result of the diagnosis depends on the analysis of chlorides. By conducting a detailed chemical analysis, the composition of sweat can include such biologically active additives like pheromones. 360 mg of nitrogen per day is excreted through sweat.

The level of sweating is influenced by the food included in the daily diet, the level of physical activity and the presence of diseases. Heat also affects the intensity of sweat production. The acid-base balance of sweat composition has beneficial effect

on the surface of the epidermis, when it is disturbed, harmful organisms appear. Researchers Petrov I.M. and Petrov M.N. discovered that by analyzing the information of water that is present in sweat, information about human diseases can be obtained. This was published in the work “Information Analysis of Sweat” (magazine “Advances modern natural science

." – 2007. – No. 6 – P. 85-86).

PH and specific gravity Now you know what sweat consists of, let's understand it pH value . The fight against bacterial and fungal infections is supported by normal acid reaction skin. Alkaline irritants harm the epidermis with increased level acidity. Acidic sweat can leave stains on clothing that are difficult to remove. The lower the salt value, the more acidic the sweat is produced. Under the influence of medications and physical activity human body

produces sweat with a lower acidity than perspiration at high temperatures. Sweat glands, located throughout the body, according to the formula for calculating pH, have a value in the range from 3.8 to 5.6, and the hollows of the armpits and groin area - in the range from 6.2 to 6.9. Specific gravity sweat is also calculated by the formula and its value ranges between 1.001 and 1.006, in in rare cases

reaches 1.010. The causes of sweating can be different. For example, hyperhidrosis is accompanied by pronounced sweating, with the most unpleasant sour “aroma”. In treatment of this disease

Vitamins B, E, and A are actively used. If there is a deficiency of vitamin D, it increases the volume of sweat and can cause the development of rickets in children.

If we lost the ability to sweat, we could only live for half an hour! Every five minutes our temperature would increase by one degree, resulting in hyperthermia and death. If you've always thought that sweating is bad for you, it's time to change your mind.

How much sweat can the body remove? The sweat system always provides a continuous release of sweat from 500 to 700 ml per day. The volume of sweating in people in tropical climates can easily reach from 5 to 12 liters per day. Dehydration occurs when you sweat 3 liters per hour, this is the maximum.

Physiology - a quick overview

Sweating is not just about water filtration, but a complex physiological process. There is noticeable and unnoticeable sweating. Its intensity is affected by muscle loads or increased ambient temperature.

Prolonged, low-intensity work also increases the amount of sweat produced. In case of insufficiency renal function, the normal functioning of the sweating system is indispensable. Physical work reduces blood flow to the kidneys, observed a sharp decline pressure in the capillaries of the renal glomeruli and a violation of urine formation, however, the process of sweating well compensates for the resulting deficiency, taking over the excretory process.

Evaporation of sweat is one of the tools of thermoregulation. This process Cools sweaty areas. Mechanisms of thermal sweating in calm state and able emotional excitement And elevated temperature vary. Let's briefly consider this difference using our own example. We are all familiar with the “cold” emotional sweat and sweat that is released when playing sports or when exposed to fluctuations in ambient temperature.

There are apocrine (large) and eccrine (small) sweat glands. If you add up their total size, you get a number equal in size to 5 square meters. m!

The task of apocrines is not directly related to thermal protection; their task is humoral regulation behavior. The specific fluid that this gland produces differs in composition, not only between men and women, but also between people of the same sex. The secret is not produced all the time, it appears under the influence various factors and phases menstrual cycle. Physiology has determined their place on our body - this groin area and depressions - axillary zones. The substance that is secreted by them can attract or repel individuals of the opposite sex, and they themselves are always associated with hairline on the body. The peak of their activity occurs during puberty and weakens throughout life, as they grow older and grow older.

What are the benefits of the eccrine glands? They increase the skin's ability to kill bacteria by producing compounds that make the epidermis acidic and play an important role. Their main task and benefit is the process of thermoregulation, the removal of toxins through the skin, the possibility of sweating in under stress and overheat protection.

Benefits of Sweating

Sweating is vital for humans. Normal operation internal systems impossible without her. We all do not tolerate the suffocating heat, the exhausting physical work, a state of stress or wild excitement. But, fortunately, life has provided us with a saving mechanism that cools and plays on our side and has a beneficial effect on vital processes.

Sweating occurs reflexively and is controlled nervous system. Skin thermoreceptors function as sensors for internal organs and muscles. When a sweaty person overheats, a signal comes to the rescue, which is immediately sent along the nerve pathways to the brain, right up to the nerve fibers.